英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

judiciary (adj.)[judiciary 词源字典]: "relating to courts," early 15c., from Latin iudiciarius "of or belonging to a court of justice," from iudicium "judgment," from iudicem (see judge (v.)). The noun meaning "a body of judges, judges collectively" is from 1802 (judicature was used in this sense from 1590s).[judiciary etymology, judiciary origin, 英语词源]
judicious (adj.): 1590s, "having sound judgment," from Middle French judicieux (16c.), from Latin iudicium "judgment," from iudicem (see judge (v.)). Meaning "careful, prudent" is from c. 1600. Related: Judiciously; judiciousness.
Judith: fem. proper name, from Latin, from Greek Ioudith, from Hebrew Yehudith, fem. of Yehudh "Jewish, Jewess," from Yehudha (see Judah). Judy is a pet form of it.
judo (n.): 1889, from Japanese judo, from ju "softness, gentleness" (from Chinese jou "soft, gentle") + do "way, art," from Chinese tao "way." "A refined form of ju-jitsu introduced in 1882 by Dr. Jigoro Kano, using principles of movement and balance, and practiced as a sport or form of physical exercise" [OED].
Judy: pet form of Judith. Figurative uses often are from the Punch and Judy puppet show.
jug (n.): "deep vessel for carrying liquids," late 15c., jugge, variant of jubbe, of unknown origin, perhaps from jug "a low woman, a maidservant" (mid-16c.), a familiar alteration of a common personal name, Joan or Judith. Use as a musical instrument is attested from 1946. Jughead "klutz" is from 1926; jughandle "tight curved road used for turns" is from 1961. Jugs for "woman's breasts" first recorded 1920 in Australian slang, short for milk jugs.
jug band (n.): musical ensemble in which the bass line is carried or augmented by a player blowing on the open lip of a jug (n.), 1886, American English.
Jugendstil (n.): German equivalent of art nouveau, from "Jugend," literally "youth," name of a German magazine begun in 1896 + stil "style."
juggernaut (n.): 1630s, "huge wagon bearing an image of the god Krishna," especially that at the town of Puri, drawn annually in procession in which (apocryphally) devotees allowed themselves to be crushed under its wheels in sacrifice. Altered from Jaggernaut, a title of Krishna (an incarnation of Vishnu), from Hindi Jagannath, literally "lord of the world," from Sanskrit jagat "world" (literally "moving," present participle of *jagati "he goes," from PIE *gwa- "to go, come" (see come (v.)) + natha-s "lord, master," from nathate "he helps, protects," from PIE *na- "to help." The first European description of the festival is by Friar Odoric (c. 1321). Figurative sense of "anything that demands blind devotion or merciless sacrifice" is from 1854.
juggle (v.): late 14c., "entertain by clowning or doing tricks," back-formation from juggler and in part from Old French jogler "play tricks, sing songs," from Late Latin ioculare (source of Italian giocolare), from Latin ioculari "to jest" (see jocular). Related: Juggled; juggling.
juggler (n.): c. 1100, iugulere "jester, buffoon," also "wizard, sorcerer," from Old English geogelere "magician, conjurer," also from Anglo-French jogelour, Old French jogleor (accusative), from Latin ioculatorem (nominative ioculator) "joker," from ioculari "to joke, to jest" (see jocular). Connecting notion between "magician" and "juggler" is dexterity.
Jugoslavia: see Yugoslavia. Related: Jugoslav; Jugoslavian.
jugular (adj.): 1590s, "pertaining to the throat or neck" (especially in reference to the great veins of the neck), from Modern Latin jugularis, from Latin iugulum "collarbone, throat, neck," diminutive of iugum "yoke," related to iungere "to join," from PIE *yeug- "to join" (cognates: Sanskrit yugam "yoke," yunjati "binds, harnesses," yogah "union;" Hittite yugan "yoke;" Greek zygon "yoke," zeugnyanai "to join, unite;" Old Church Slavonic igo, Old Welsh iou "yoke;" Lithuanian jungas "yoke," jungiu "fastened in a yoke;" Old English geoc "yoke;" probably also Latin iuxta "close by"). As a noun, 1610s, from the adjective.
juice (n.): c. 1300, "liquid extract obtained by boiling herbs," from Old French jus "juice, sap, liquid" (13c.), from Latin ius "broth, sauce, juice," from PIE root *yeue- "to blend, mix food" (cognates: Sanskrit yus- "broth," Greek zyme "a leaven," Old Church Slavonic jucha "broth, soup," Lithuanian juse "fish soup"). Meaning "liquor" is from 1828; that of "electricity" is first recorded 1896.
juice (v.): 1630s, "to suffuse with juice," from juice (n.). Meaning "to enliven" attested by 1964; juiced "drunk" attested by 1946; in reference to steroids, by 2003. Related: Juiced; juicing.
juicer (n.): agent noun from juice (v.). From 1928 as "electrician," by 1967 as "alcoholic;" from 1938 as the name of an appliance for extracting juice.
juicy (adj.): early 15c., from juice (n.) + -y (2). Figurative sense "weathly, full of some desired quality" is from 1620s; sense of "lively, suggestive, sensational" is from 1883. Related: Juiciness.
jujitsu (n.): also ju-jitsu, 1875, from Japanese jujutsu, from ju "softness, gentleness" (from Chinese jou "soft, gentle") + jutsu "art, science," from Chinese shu, shut.
juju (n.2): "marijuana cigarette," 1940, supposedly from reduplicated middle syllable of marijuana.
juju (n.1): object of religious veneration among West Africans, 1860, supposedly ultimately from French joujou "toy, plaything."