英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

jujube (n.)[jujube 词源字典]: late 14c., "date-like fruit from a tree found in Asia," from Medieval Latin jujuba (plural), from Late Latin zizyphum, from zizyphus, an Asiatic tree with datelike fruit, from Greek zizyphon, from Persian zayzafun. The meaning "soft candy with date-like flavor" first recorded 1835.[jujube etymology, jujube origin, 英语词源]
juke (n.): "roadhouse," 1935; see jukebox.
juke (v.): "to duck, dodge, feint," by 1971, variant of jook (q.v.). Related: Juked; juking.
jukebox (n.): 1937, jook organ, from jook joint "roadhouse" (1935), Black English slang, from juke, joog "wicked, disorderly," in Gullah (the creolized English of the coastlands of South Carolina, Georgia, and northern Florida), probably from Wolof and Bambara dzug "unsavory." Said to have originated in central Florida (see "A Note on Juke," Florida Review, vol. VII, no. 3, spring 1938). The spelling with a -u- might represent a deliberate attempt to put distance between the word and its origins.
For a long time the commercial juke trade resisted the name juke box and even tried to raise a big publicity fund to wage a national campaign against it, but "juke box" turned out to be the biggest advertising term that could ever have been invented for the commercial phonograph and spread to the ends of the world during the war as American soldiers went abroad but remembered the juke boxes back home. ["Billboard," Sept. 15, 1945]
julep (n.): late 14c., a syrupy drink in which medicine was given, from Old French julep (14c.), from Medieval Latin julapium, from Arabic julab, from Persian gulab "rose water," from gul "rose" (related to Greek rhodon, Latin rosa) + ab "water," from PIE root *ap- (2) "water" (see water (n.1)). Sense of "alcoholic drink flavored with mint" is first recorded 1787, American English.
Julia: fem. proper name, from Latin Iulia, fem. of Iulius (see Julius).
Julian (adj.): "old style" calendar, 1590s, in reference to reforms by Julius Caesar in 46 B.C.E. (see Julius). The masc. proper name is from Latin Iulianus, from Iulius.
Julie: fem. proper name, Englishing of Julia.
julienne (n.): kind of clear soup, 1841, from French, literally "(soup made) in the manner of Julien," the proper name, from an otherwise unknown cook. Related: Julienned.
Juliet: fem. proper name, from Italian Giulietta, diminutive of Giulia "Julia" (see Julia). Compare French Juliette. Juliet cap (1904) was felt to resemble a type worn in stage productions of "Romeo and Juliet."
A Parisian fancy which is finding little favor here, is the Juliet cap. It is a net of beads or of meshed cord jewelled or beaded at the intersections. Clustered bunches of blossoms and foliage are set at each side of the cap, above the ears. ["Fabrics, Fancy-Goods & Notions," trade publication, New York, January 1904]
Julius: masc. proper name, from Latin Iulius, name of a Roman gens, perhaps a contraction of *Iovilios "pertaining to or descended from Jove."
July: c.1050, Iulius, from Anglo-French julie, Old French Jule, from Latin Iulius "fifth month of the Roman calendar" (which began its year in March), renamed after his death and deification in honor of Gaius Julius Caesar, who was born in this month, which formerly in republican Rome was named Quintilis "fifth." Accented on first syllable in English until 18c. Replaced Old English liða se æfterra "later mildness," from liðe "mild."
jumble (v.): 1520s, originally "to move confusedly," perhaps coined on model of stumble, tumble, etc. In 17c., it was yet another euphemism for "have sex with" (a sense first attested 1580s). Meaning "mix or confuse" is from 1540s. Related: Jumbled; jumbling.
jumble (n.): "a confused mixture," 1660s, from jumble (v.).
jumbo (adj.): "very large, unusually large for its type," 1882, a reference to Jumbo, name of the London Zoo's huge elephant (acquired from France, said to have been captured as a baby in Abyssinia in 1861), sold February 1882 to U.S. circus showman P.T. Barnum amid great excitement in America and great outcry in England, both fanned by Barnum. The name is perhaps from slang jumbo "clumsy, unwieldy fellow" (1823), which itself is possibly from a word for "elephant" in a West African language (compare Kongo nzamba).
"I tell you conscientiously that no idea of the immensity of the animal can be formed. It is a fact that he is simply beyond comparison. The largest elephants I ever saw are mere dwarfs by the side of Jumbo." [P.T. Barnum, interview, "Philadelphia Press," April 22, 1882]
As a product size, by 1886 (cigars). Jumbo jet attested by 1964.
jump (v.): 1520s, perhaps imitative (compare bump); another theory derives it from words in Gallo-Roman dialects of southwestern France (compare jumba "to rock, to balance, swing," yumpa "to rock"), picked up during English occupation in Hundred Years War. Superseded native leap, bound, and spring in most senses. Meaning "to attack" is from 1789; that of "to do the sex act with" is from 1630s. Related: Jumped; jumping. To jump to a conclusion is from 1704. Jumping-rope is from 1805. Jump in a lake "go away and stop being a pest" attested from 1912.
jump (n.): 1550s, "act of jumping," from jump (v.). Meaning "jazz music with a strong beat" first recorded 1937, in Count Basie's "One O'Clock Jump." Jump suit "one-piece coverall modeled on those worn by paratroopers and skydivers" is from 1948.
jumper (n.): 1610s, "one who jumps," agent noun from jump (v.). The word meaning "sleeveless dress" (1853) apparently is from mid-17c. jump "short coat," also "woman's under bodice," of uncertain origin, perhaps from French jupe "skirt" (see jupe). Meaning "sleeveless dress worn over a blouse" first recorded American English 1939.
jumpstart (v.): also jump-start, to start a car using battery booster cables, by 1970, from jumper "wire used to cut out part of a circuit or close a gap" (1901 in telegraphy); see jump + start. Related: Jumpstarted; jumpstarting. Figurative use by 1975.
jumpy (adj.): "nervous," 1869, from jump (n.) + -y (2). Related: Jumpiness.