英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

journeyman (n.)[journeyman 词源字典]: "qualified worker at a craft or trade who works for wages for another" (a position between apprentice and master), early 15c., from journey (n.), preserving the etymological sense of the word, + man (n.). Figurative depricatory sense of "hireling, drudge" is from 1540s. Its American English colloquial shortening jour (adj.) is attested from 1835.[journeyman etymology, journeyman origin, 英语词源]
joust (v.): c. 1300, "fight with a spear or lance on horseback with another knight; tilt in a tournament," from Old French joster "to joust, tilt," from Vulgar Latin *iuxtare "to approach, come together, meet," originally "be next to," from Latin iuxta "beside, near," related to iungere "join together" (see jugular). Formerly spelled, and until modern times pronounced, "just." Related: Jousted; jousting.
joust (n.): c. 1300, from Old French joustes, from joster (see joust (v.)). The sport was popular with Anglo-Norman knights.
These early tournaments were very rough affairs, in every sense, quite unlike the chivalrous contests of later days; the rival parties fought in groups, and it was considered not only fair but commendable to hold off until you saw some of your adversaries getting tired and then to join in the attack on them; the object was not to break a lance in the most approved style, but frankly to disable as many opponents as possible for the sake of obtaining their horses, arms, and ransoms. [L.F. Salzman, "English Life in the Middle Ages," Oxford, 1950]
Jove: Roman god of the bright sky, late 14c., from Latin Iovis, from PIE *dyeu- "to shine," with derivatives referring to the sky, heavens, a god (see diurnal, and compare Zeus). In classical Latin, the compound Iuppiter replaced Old Latin Iovis as the god's name.
jovial (adj.): 1580s, "under the influence of the planet Jupiter," from Middle French jovial (16c.), from Italian joviale, literally "pertaining to Jupiter," and directly from Latin Iovialis "of Jupiter," from Iovius (used as genitive of Iuppiter) "Jupiter," Roman god of the sky (see Jove). The meaning "good-humored, merry," is from astrological belief that those born under the sign of the planet Jupiter are of such dispositions. Related: Jovially.
joviality (n.): 1620s, from French jovialite, from jovial (see jovial).
Jovian (adj.): 1520s, "of Jove," from Latin Jovis (see Jove) + -ian. Meaning "of the planet Jupiter" is recorded from 1794. Latin Jovianus was a masculine proper name.
jowl (n.1): "jaw," 1570s, alteration of Middle English chawl (late 14c.), chavel (early 14c.), from Old English ceafl, from Proto-Germanic *kefalaz (cognates: Middle High German kiver, German kiefer, Old Norse kjoptr "jaw," Danish kæft, Flemish kavel, Dutch kevel "gum"), from PIE *gep(h)- "jaw, mouth" (cognates: Old Irish gop, Irish gob "beak, mouth"). The change from ch- to j- has not been explained.
jowl (n.2): "fold of flesh under the jaw," 1590s, alteration of Middle English cholle "fold of flesh hanging from the jaw" (c. 1300), perhaps from Old English ceole "throat," from PIE root *gwele- (3) "to swallow" (see glut (v.)). This word and jowl (n.1) influenced one another in form and sense.
joy (n.): c. 1200, "feeling of pleasure and delight;" c. 1300, "source of pleasure or happiness," from Old French joie (11c.), from Latin gaudia, plural of gaudium "joy," from gaudere "rejoice," from PIE root *gau- "to rejoice" (cognates: Greek gaio "I rejoice," Middle Irish guaire "noble"). Joy-riding is American English, 1908.
Joyce: proper name, earlier Josse, Goce, etc., and originally used of both men and women. Of Celtic origin. Joycean, in reference to the fiction of Irish writer James Joyce (1882-1941) is attested from 1927.
joyful (adj.): mid-13c., from joy + -ful. Related: Joyfully; joyfulness.
joyless (adj.): mid-14c., from joy + -less. Related: Joylessly; joylessness.
joyous (adj.): c. 1300, from Anglo-French joyous, Old French joios "happy, cheerful, merry, glad" (12c., Modern French joyeux), from joie (see joy). Related: Joyously; joyousness.
joystick (n.): also joy stick, 1910, aviators' slang for the control lever of an airplane, from joy + stick (n.).
Juan: masc. proper name, Spanish form of John.
jubate (adj.): "having a mane," 1826, from Latin jubatus "maned," from juba "mane."
jubilance (n.): 1860; see jubilant + -ance.
jubilant (adj.): 1660s, from Latin jubilantem (nominative jubilans), present participle of jubilare "to call to someone," in Christian writers, "to shout for joy," related to jubilum "wild shout." First attested in Milton. Related: Jubilantly.
jubilate (v.): "make a joyful noise," 1640s, from Latin jubilatus, past participle of jubilare (see jubilant). Related: Jubilated; jubilating.