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iconoclasm (n.)[iconoclasm 词源字典]: 1797 in reference to breaking of idols; 1858 in reference to beliefs, institutions, etc.; see iconoclast + -ism.[iconoclasm etymology, iconoclasm origin, 英语词源]
iconoclast (n.): "breaker or destroyer of images," 1590s, from French iconoclaste and directly from Medieval Latin iconoclastes, from Late Greek eikonoklastes, from eikon (genitive eikonos) "image" + klastes "breaker," from klas- past tense stem of klan "to break" (see clastic). Originally those in the Eastern Church in 8c. and 9c. whose mobs of followers destroyed icons and other religious objects on the grounds that they were idols. Applied to 16c.-17c. Protestants in Netherlands who vandalized former Catholic churches on similar grounds. Extended sense of "one who attacks orthodox beliefs or institutions" is first attested 1842.
iconoclastic (adj.): 1640s; see iconoclast + -ic.
iconography (n.): 1620s, from Medieval Latin iconographia, from Greek eikonographia "sketch, description," from eikon (see icon) + -graphia (see -graphy). Related: Iconographic.
icosahedron (n.): 1560s, from Greek eikosahedron, neuter of eikosahedros, from eikosi "twenty" + -hedra "seat, base, chair, face of a geometric solid," from PIE root *sed- (1) "to sit" (see sedentary). Greek eikosi is from PIE *wikmti- "twenty," from *wi- "in half," hence "two" + (d)kmti-, from root *dekm- "ten" (see ten).
icteric (adj.): c. 1600, from Latin ictericus, from Greek ikterikos "jaundiced," from ikteros (see icterus). Related: Icterical.
icterus (n.): 1706, medical Latin, from Greek ikteros "jaundice," also the name of a yellowish bird the sight of which was supposed, by sympathetic magic, to cure jaundice. As a zoological genus, from 1713.
ictus (n.): verse stress, 1752, from Latin ictus "a blow, stroke, thrust," of voices "a beat, impulse, stress," from icere "to strike, hit," related to iacere "to throw" (see jet (v.)).
icy (adj.): Old English isig; see ice (n.) + -y (2). Modern use is said to be a late Middle English re-formation. Figurative use from 1590s. Related: Icily; iciness.
id (n.): 1924, in Joan Riviere's translation of Freud's "Das Ich und das Es" (1923), from Latin id "it" (translation of German es "it" in Freud's title), used in psychoanalytical theory to denote the unconscious instinctual force. Latin id is from PIE pronominal stem *i- (see yon).
id est: Latin, literally "that is (to say)."
Ida: fem. proper name, from Medieval Latin, from Old High German Ida, perhaps related to Old Norse ið "work."
Idaho: c. 1860, as a place name, originally applied to part of what is now eastern Colorado (Idaho Territory organized 1863; admitted as a state 1890); from Kiowa-Apache (Athabaskan) idaahe "enemy," a name applied by them to the Comanches.
idea (n.): late 14c., "archetype of a thing in the mind of God; Platonic `idea,'" from Latin idea "idea," and in Platonic philosophy "archetype," from Greek idea "ideal prototype," literally "the look of a thing (as opposed to the reality); form; kind, sort, nature," from idein "to see," from PIE *wid-es-ya-, suffixed form of root *weid- "to see" (see vision). Sense of "result of thinking" first recorded 1640s.
Men of one idea, like a hen with one chicken, and that a duckling. [Thoreau, "Walden"]
Idée fixe (1836) is from French, literally "fixed idea."
ideal (adj.): early 15c., "pertaining to an archetype or model," from Late Latin idealis "existing in idea," from Latin idea in the Platonic sense (see idea). Sense of "perfect" first recorded 1610s.
ideal (n.): "perfect person or thing," 1796, in a translation of Kant, from ideal (adj.).
idealism (n.): 1796, in the abstract sense, originally "belief that reality is made up only of ideas," from ideal (adj.) + -ism; on model of French idéalisme. Meaning "representing things in an ideal form" is from 1829.
idealist (n.): "one who represents things in an ideal form," 1829, from ideal + -ist. Earlier (1796) in a philosophical sense "one who believes reality consists only in (Platonic) ideals."
It seems even incredible, that any Idealist in any age could forget himself so far as to run his head against a post, merely because he found in his system, that no external world does exist, and that therefore nothing could be without to hurt him. [F.A. Nitsch, "A General and Introductory View of Professor Kant's Principles," 1796]
Earlier still, "one who holds doctrines of philosophical idealism" (1701).
idealistic (adj.): 1829; see idealist + -ic.
idealization (n.): 1796; see idealize + -ation.