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Jekyll and Hyde [Jekyll and Hyde 词源字典]: in reference to opposite aspects of a person's character, from Robert Louis Stevenson's story, "The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde," published 1886. The surname Jekyll is of Breton origin and was originally a personal name.
"Though so profound a double-dealer, I was in no sense a hypocrite. Both sides of me were in dead earnest; I was no more myself when I laid aside restraint and plunged in shame, than when I labored, in the eye of day, at the furtherance of knowledge or the relief of sorrow and suffering." [Robert Louis Stevenson, "The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde," 1886]
[Jekyll and Hyde etymology, Jekyll and Hyde origin, 英语词源]
jell (v.): 1830, American English, probably a back-formation of jelly (v.). Related: Jelled; jelling. Figurative sense is first attested 1908. Middle English had gelen "congeal," but it disappeared 15c.
jellied (adj.): 1590s, past participle adjective from jelly (v.).
Jello (n.): from Jell-O, trademark for powdered gelatin food, registered 1934 by The Jell-o Company of Canada, Ltd., Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
jelly (n.): late 14c., from Old French gelee "a frost; jelly," noun use of fem. past participle of geler "congeal," from Latin gelare "to freeze," from gelu "frost" (see cold (adj.)).
jelly (v.): c. 1600, from jelly (n.). Related: Jellied; jellying.
jellybean (n.): 1905, from jelly (n.) + bean (n.). So called for its shape. Soon used in U.S. slang for "stupid person," probably encouraged by the slang sense of bean as "head."
jellyfish (n.): popular name of the medusa and similar sea-creatures, 1796, from jelly (n.) + fish (n.). Earlier it had been used of a type of actual fish (1707).
jellyroll (n.): also jelly-roll, "cylindrical cake containing jelly or jam," 1873, from jelly + roll (n.). As slang for "vagina, sexual intercourse" it dates from 1914 ("St. Louis Blues").
Jemima: fem. personal name, biblical daughter of Job, from Hebrew Yemimah, literally "dove" (compare Arabic yamama). The Aunt Jemima ready-mix food product in U.S. dates from 1889.
Jemmy: a popular pet form of the masc. proper name James (in Middle English records, Gemme, Jemme are more common than Jimme). In mid-18c. often associated with effeminacy and male fastidiousness. As "a crowbar" from 1811.
jennet (n.): "small Spanish horse," mid-15c., from French genet, from Spanish jinete "a light horseman," perhaps from Arabic Zenata, name of a Barbary tribe [Klein]. Sense transferred in English and French from the rider to the horse.
Jennifer: fem. proper name, from Welsh Gwenhwyvar, from gwen "fair, white" + (g)wyf "smooth, yielding." The most popular name for girls born in America 1970-1984; all but unknown there before 1938. Also attested as a surname from late 13c.
Jenny: fem. personal name, originally diminutive of Jane or Janet; attested from c. 1600 as female equivalent of jack (n.), and like it applied to animals (for example Jenny wren, 1640s) and machinery (spinning jenny, 1783).
jeopardise (v.): chiefly British English spelling of jeopardize; for suffix, see -ize. Related: Jeopardised; jeopardising.
jeopardize (v.): 1640s, from jeopardy + -ize. Related: Jeopardized; jeopardizing. As a verb, Middle English used simple jeopard (late 14c.).
jeopardy (n.): c. 1300, ioparde (13c. in Anglo-French), from Old French jeu parti, literally "a divided game, game with even chances," from jeu "a game" (from Latin iocus "jest;" see joke (n.)) + parti, past participle of partir "to divide" (see part (v.)). Originally "a stratagem;" sense of "danger, risk" is late 14c.
Jephthah: biblical judge of Israel, from Greek Iephthae, from Hebrew Yiphtah, literally "God opens," imperfective of pathah "he opened" (compare pethah "opening, entrance").
jerboa (n.): small desert rodent, 1660s, Modern Latin, from Arabic jarbu "flesh of the loins," also the name of a small jumping rodent of North Africa. Compare gerbil.
jeremiad (n.): 1780, from French jérémiade (1762), in reference to "Lamentations of Jeremiah" in Old Testament.