英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

institute (v.)[institute 词源字典]: early 14c., "to establish in office, appoint," from Latin institutus, past participle of instituere "to set up," from in- "in" (see in- (2)) + statuere "establish, to cause to stand," from PIE root *sta- "to stand," with derivatives meaning "place or thing that is standing" (see stet). General sense of "set up, found, introduce" first attested late 15c. Related: Instituted; instituting.[institute etymology, institute origin, 英语词源]
institute (n.): 1510s, "purpose, design," from institute (v.). From 1540s as "an established law." The sense of "organization, society" is from 1828, borrowed from French Institut national des Sciences et des Arts, established 1795 to replace the royal academies, from Latin institutum, neuter past participle of instituere.
institution (n.): c. 1400, "action of establishing or founding (a system of government, a religious order, etc.)," from Old French institucion "foundation; thing established," from Latin institutionem (nominative institutio) "disposition, arrangement; instruction, education," noun of state from institutus (see institute). Meaning "established law or practice" is from 1550s. Meaning "establishment or organization for the promotion of some charity" is from 1707.
institutional (adj.): 1610s, from institution + -al (1).
institutionalization (n.): 1911, from institutionalize + -ation.
institutionalize (v.): "to put into institutional life" (usually deprecatory), 1905; see institution. Related: Institutionalized. Earlier (1865) it meant "to make into an institution."
instruct (v.): early 15c., from Latin instructus, past participle of instruere "arrange, inform, teach," literally "to build, erect," from in- "on" (see in- (2)) + struere "to pile, build" (see structure (n.)). Related: Instructed; instructing.
instruction (n.): c. 1400, instruccioun, "action or process of teaching," from Old French instruccion (14c.), from Latin instructionem (nominative instructio) "building, arrangement, teaching," from past participle stem of instruere "arrange, inform, teach," from in- "on" (see in- (2)) + struere "to pile, build" (see structure (n.)). Meaning "an authoritative direction telling someone what to do; a document giving such directions," is early 15c. Related: Instructions.
instructional (adj.): 1801, from instruction + -al (1).
instructive (adj.): 1610s, from instruct + -ive. Related: Instructively; instructiveness.
instructor (n.): mid-15c., from Old French instructeur and directly from Medieval Latin instructor "teacher" (in classical Latin, "preparer"), agent noun from instruere (see instruct).
instrument (n.): late 13c., "musical instrument," from Old French instrument "means, device; musical instrument" (14c., earlier estrument, 13c.) and directly from Latin instrumentem "a tool, apparatus, furniture, dress, document," from instruere "arrange, furnish" (see instruct). Meaning "tool, implement, utensil" is early 14c. in English; meaning "written document by which formal expression is given to a legal act" is from early 15c.
instrumental (adj.): late 14c., "of the nature of an instrument," from Old French instrumental, from Medieval Latin instrumentalis, from Latin instrumentum (see instrument). Meaning "serviceable, useful" is from c. 1600. Of music, c. 1500; noun meaning "musical composition for instruments only" is attested by 1940. Related: Instrumentally; instrumentality.
instrumentalist (n.): 1823, from instrumental in the musical sense + -ist.
instrumentation (n.): "composition and arrangement of music for instruments," 1845, from French instrumentation, from instrument (see instrument) + -ation.
insubordinate (adj.): 1849, on model of French insubordonné (1789); from in- (1) "not, opposite of" + subordinate. Related: Insubordinately.
insubordination (n.): 1790, from in- (1) "not, opposite of" + subordination. Perhaps on model of French insubordination (1788).
insubstantial (adj.): c. 1600, from Medieval Latin insubstantialis, from in- "not" (see in- (1)) + substantialis (see substantial). Related: Insubstantially.
insubstantiality (n.): 1827, from insubstantial + -ity.
insue (v.): obsolete form of ensue.