英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

ingenious (adj.)[ingenious 词源字典]: early 15c., "intellectual, talented," from Middle French ingénieux "clever, ingenious" (Old French engeignos), from Latin ingeniosus "of good capacity, full of intellect; clever, gifted with genius," from ingenium "innate qualities, ability," literally "that which is inborn," from in- "in" (see in- (2)) + gignere, from PIE *gen- "produce" (see genus). Sense of "skillful, clever at contrivance" first recorded 1540s. In a sense of "crafty, clever, skillful" Middle English had enginous (mid-14c.), from Old French engeignos, also engineful "skillful (in war)" (c. 1300). Related: Ingeniously; ingeniousness.[ingenious etymology, ingenious origin, 英语词源]
ingenue (n.): 1848, from French ingénue "artless girl, especially on the stage," fem. of ingénu "ingenuous, artless, simple" (13c.), from Latin ingenuus (see ingenuous). Italicized in English into 20c.
ingenuity (n.): 1590s, "honor, nobility," from Middle French ingénuité and directly from Latin ingenuitatem (nominative ingenuitas) "condition of a free-born man," figuratively "generosity, noble-mindedness," from ingenuus (see ingenuous). Etymologically, this word belongs to ingenuous, but in 17c. ingenious and ingenuous so often were confused (even by Shakespeare) that ingenuity has acquired the meaning "capacity for invention or construction" (first attested 1640s).
ingenuous (adj.): 1590s, "noble in nature," from Latin ingenuus "with the virtues of freeborn people, of noble character, frank, upright, candid," originally "native, freeborn," from in- "in" (see in- (2)) + gen-, root of gignere "beget, produce" (see genus). Sense of "artless, innocent" is 1670s, via evolution from "high-minded" to "honorably open, straightforward," to "innocently frank." Related: Ingenuously; ingenuousness.
ingest (v.): 1610s, from Latin ingestus, past participle of ingerere "to throw in, pour in, heap upon," from in- "into" (see in- (2)) + gerere "to carry" (see gest). Related: Ingested; ingesting.
ingestion (n.): 1610s, from Latin ingestionem (nominative ingestio) "a pouring in," noun of action from past participle stem of ingerere (see ingest).
ingle (n.): "fireplace," c. 1500, from Scottish, probably from Gaelic aingeal "fire," of uncertain origin. The vogue for Scottish poetry in late 18c. introduced ingleside, ingle-nook to literary English.
inglorious (adj.): 1570s, from Latin ingloriosus, from in- "not" (see in- (1)) + gloriosus (see glorious). Related: Ingloriously; ingloriousness.
ingoing (adj.): also in-going, 1825, from in + going.
ingot (n.): late 14c., "mold in which metal is cast," probably from in- (2) "in" + Old English goten, past participle of geotan "to pour" (see found (v.2)). Sense of "mass of cast metal" first attested early 15c.
ingrain (v.): 1766, see engrain. Figurative use, of qualities, habits, etc., attested from 1851 (in ingrained). Of dyed carpets, etc., 1766, from in grain.
ingrate (n.): "ungrateful person," 1670s, from earlier adjective meaning "unfriendly" (late 14c.) also "ungrateful, unthankful," from Latin ingratus "unpleasant," also "ungrateful," from in- "not" (see in- (1)) + gratus "pleasing, beloved, dear, agreeable" (see grace (n.)). The noun meaning "ungrateful person" dates from 1670s.
ingratiate (v.): 1620s, possibly via 16c. Italian ingraziarsi "to bring (oneself) into favor," from Latin in gratiam "for the favor of," from in "in" (see in- (2)) + gratia "favor, grace" (see grace).
ingratitude (n.): mid-14c., from Old French ingratitude (13c.) and directly from Latin ingratitudinem (nominative ingratitudo), noun of quality from ingratus (see ingrate).
ingredient (n.): early 15c., from Latin ingredientem (nominative ingrediens) "that which enters into" (a compound, recipe, etc.), present participle of ingredi "go in, enter," from in- "in" (see in- (2)) + gradi "to step, go" (see grade (n.)).
ingress (n.): mid-15c., from Latin ingressus "an advance; walking; an entry," from past participle stem of ingredi "to step into, enter" (see ingredient). The verb, sometimes said to be American English, is attested from early 14c.
ingrown (adj.): 1660s, "native, innate," from in + grown. Of nails, "that has grown into the flesh," 1878.
inguinal (adj.): 1680s, from Latin inguinalis "of the groin," from inguen (genitive inguinis) "groin," from PIE *engw- "groin, internal organ" (cognates: Greek aden "gland").
inhabit (v.): late 14c., from Old French enhabiter "dwell in" (12c.), from Latin inhabitare "to dwell in," from in- "in" (see in- (2)) + habitare "to dwell," frequentative of habere "hold, have" (see habit (n.)). Related: Inhabited; inhabiting.
inhabitable (adj.): a word used in two opposite senses: "not habitable" (late 14c., from in- (1) "not" + habitable) and "capable of being inhabited" (c. 1600, from inhabit + -able).