英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

barbecue (v.)[barbecue 词源字典]: 1660s, from barbecue (n.). Related: Barbecued; barbecuing.[barbecue etymology, barbecue origin, 英语词源]
barbed wire (n.): also barb wire, "fencing wire with sharp edges or points," 1863, American English, from barb + wire (n.).
barbell (n.): 1887, from bar (n.1) + ending from dumbbell.
barber (n.): c. 1300, from Anglo-French barbour (attested as a surname from early 13c.), from Old French barbeor, barbieor (Modern French barbier, which has a more restricted sense than the English word), from Vulgar Latin *barbatorem, from Latin barba "beard" (see barb (n.)). Originally also regular practitioners of surgery, they were restricted to haircutting and dentistry under Henry VIII.
barber-shop (n.): 1570s, from barber + shop (n.). Earlier in same sense was barbery (c. 1500). Barber-shop in reference to close harmony male vocal quartets, it is attested from 1910; the custom of barber's keeping a musical instrument in their shops so waiting customers could entertain themselves is an old one, but the musical product had a low reputation and barber's music (c. 1660) was "wretched, poorly performed music."
barbican (n.): "outer fortification of a city or castle," mid-13c., from Old French barbacane (12c.), a general Romanic word, perhaps ultimately from Arabic or Persian (compare bab-khanah "gate-house"). Watkins identifies it as from Old Iranian *pari-varaka "protective," from *wor-o-, suffixed variant form of PIE root *wer- (5) "to cover" (see wier).
Barbie: 1959, trademark name (reg. U.S.). Supposedly named after the daughter of its creator, U.S. businesswoman Ruth Handler (1916-2002); see Barbara.
barbiturate (n.): 1928 (morphine barbiturate is from 1918), from German, coined 1863 by chemist Adolf von Baeyer (1835-1917) from Barbitursäure "barbituric acid," itself coined by Baeyer, perhaps from woman's name Barbara, or perhaps from Latin barbata, in Medieval Latin usnea barbata, literally "bearded moss." Second element is because it was obtained from uric acid. With chemical ending -ate (3).
Barcelona: city in Spain, said to have been named for Carthaginian general Hamlicar Barca, who is supposed to have founded it 3c. B.C.E.
bard (n.): mid-15c., from Scottish, from Old Celtic bardos "poet, singer," from PIE root *gwer- "to lift up the voice, praise." In historical times, a term of contempt among the Scots (who considered them itinerant troublemakers), but one of great respect among the Welsh.
All vagabundis, fulis, bardis, scudlaris, and siclike idill pepill, sall be brint on the cheek. [local Scottish ordinance, c. 1500]
Subsequently idealized by Scott in the more ancient sense of "lyric poet, singer." Poetic use of the word in English is from Greek bardos, Latin bardus, both from Gaulish.
bardic (adj.): 1775, from bard + -ic.
bardolatry (n.): "worship of Shakespeare (the 'Bard of Avon')," 1901, from bard + -latry.
bare (v.): Old English barian, from bare (adj.). Related: Bared; baring.
bare (adj.): Old English bær "naked, uncovered, unclothed," from Proto-Germanic *bazaz (cognates: German bar, Old Norse berr, Dutch baar), from PIE *bhosos (cognates: Armenian bok "naked;" Old Church Slavonic bosu, Lithuanian basas "barefoot"). Meaning "sheer, absolute" (c. 1200) is from the notion of "complete in itself."
bare-handed (adj.): also barehanded, mid-15c., from bare (adj.) + -handed.
bareback (adj.): 1560s, of riding, from bare (adj.) + back (n.).
barefaced (adj.): 1580s, "with face uncovered or shaven;" see bare (adj.) + face (n.). Thus, "unconcealed" (c. 1600), and, in a bad sense, "shameless" (1670s). Compare effrontery. The half-French bare-vis (adj.) conveyed the same sense in Middle English.
barefoot (adj.): Old English bærfot; see bare (adj.) + foot (n.).
barely (adv.): Old English bærlice "openly, clear, public;" see bare (adj.) + -ly (2). Meaning "only, just" is recorded from late 15c.; that of "merely, simply" is from 1570s. In 15c. it also could mean "naked."
bareness (n.): early 15c., from bare (adj.) + -ness.