- vindictive (adj.)
[vindictive 词源字典]
- 1610s, "vengeful," from Latin vindicta "revenge" (see vindication) + -ive; or perhaps a shortening of vindicative based on the Latin word. From 1620s as "punitive, retributive," rather than personally vengeful or deliberately cruel. Related: Vindictively.[vindictive etymology, vindictive origin, 英语词源]