- obdurate (adj.)
[obdurate 词源字典]
- mid-15c., "stubborn; hardened," from Latin obduratus "hardened," past participle of obdurare "be hard, hold out, persist, endure," from ob "against" (see ob-) + durare "harden, render hard," from durus "hard" (see endure). Related: Obdurately.[obdurate etymology, obdurate origin, 英语词源]