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exclude [exclude 词源字典]: exclude: see sluice
[exclude etymology, exclude origin, 英语词源]
include: include: [15] The idea of ‘shutting in’ or ‘enclosure’ is etymologically central to include – indeed, it is virtually the same word as enclose. It was borrowed from Latin inclūdere, a compound verb formed from the prefix in- and claudere ‘shut’ (source of English close). (A probable Vulgar Latin descendant of inclūdere was *inclaudere, which passed into Old French as enclore. English took over its past participle enclose as the verb enclose [14].) The metaphorical sense ‘comprise’ was already developing in classical Latin.
=> close, enclose
conclude (v.): early 14c., "end an argument," from Latin concludere "to shut up, enclose," from com- "together" (see com-) + -cludere, comb. form of claudere "to shut" (see close (v.)). Meaning "reach a mental conclusion, deduce" is from late 14c., a sense also in Latin. Related: Concluded; concluding.
exclude (v.): mid-14c., from Latin excludere "keep out, shut out, hinder," from ex- "out" (see ex-) + claudere "to close, shut" (see close (v.)). Related: Excluded; excluding.
include (v.): c. 1400, from Latin includere "to shut in, enclose, imprison, insert," from in- "in" (see in- (2)) + claudere "to shut" (see close (v.)). The alleged Sam Goldwyn-ism, "Include me out," is attested from 1937. Related: Included; including.
occlude (v.): 1590s, from Latin occludere (past participle occlusus) "shut up, close up," from ob "against, up" (see ob-) + claudere "to shut, close" (see close (v.)). Of teeth, 1888 (also see occlusion). Related: Occluded; occluding.
preclude (v.): 1610s, from Latin praecludere "to close, shut off; hinder, impede," from prae- "before, ahead" (see pre-) + claudere "to shut" (see close (v.)). Related: Precluded; precluding.
seclude (v.): mid-15c., "to shut up, enclose, confine," from Latin secludere "shut off, confine," from se- "apart" (see secret) + -cludere, variant of claudere "to shut" (see close (v.)). Meaning "to remove or guard from public view" is recorded from 1620s. Related: Secluded; secluding.
secluded (adj.): c. 1600, of persons; in reference to places, 1798, past participle adjective from seclude (v.). Earlier secluse (1590s).