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sated [sated 词源字典]: sated: see sad
[sated etymology, sated origin, 英语词源]
sateen: sateen: see satin
satellite: satellite: [16] Satellite comes via French satellite from Latin satelles ‘attendant, escort’, which itself probably went back to Etruscan satnal. Its use for a ‘body orbiting a planet’ is first recorded in English in 1665, and comes from the astronomer Johannes Kepler’s application of Latin satelles to the moons of Jupiter.
satiate: satiate: [16] Like satisfy, satiate comes from Latin satis ‘enough’, a descendant of the same Indo-European base that produced English sad and sated. Satis formed the basis of a verb satiāre ‘give enough or too much’, which was originally taken over by English in the former of these senses, virtually the equivalent of satisfy, but since the 17th century this has been gradually pushed aside by the more opprobrious ‘give too much, surfeit’. From the same source come satiable [16] and satiety [16].
=> sad, sated, satisfy
satin: satin: [14] Like many other fabric names, satin betrays the fabric’s place of origin, although only after a little digging. It comes via Old French satin from Arabic zaitūnī, which denoted ‘of Zaitun’ – and Zaitun was the Arabic rendering of Tseutung, the former name of a port (now Tsinkiang) in southern China from which satin was exported. Sateen [19] is an alteration of satin, on the model of velveteen.
satire: satire: [16] A satire is etymologically a ‘verse medley’, an ‘assortment of pieces on various subjects’. The word comes via Old French satire from Latin satira ‘mixture’, an alteration of an earlier satura. This is said to have been derived from satus ‘full’ (a relative of satis ‘enough’, source of English satisfy), and the link in the semantic chain from ‘full’ to ‘mixture’ is ‘plateful of assorted fruit’, the earliest recorded meaning of satura.

By classical times, Latin satira had moved on from being a general literary miscellany to its now familiar role as a ‘literary work ridiculing or denouncing people’s follies or vices’. The word has no etymological connection, incidentally, with satyr ‘Greek woodland god’ [14], which comes ultimately from Greek sáturos, a word of unknown origin.
satisfy: satisfy: [15] Etymologically, satisfy means ‘make enough’. It comes, via Old French satisfier, from Latin satisfacere ‘satisfy, content’, a compound verb formed from satis ‘enough’ (a relative of English sad, sated, and saturate, and source of English satiate). The derived noun satisfaction reached English well over a century before the verb, in the specialized ecclesiastical sense ‘performance of penance’.
=> sad, sated, satiate, saturate
saturate: saturate: [16] Latin satur meant ‘full’, and in particular ‘full of food, full up’ (it was a relative of satis ‘enough’, source of English satiate and satisfy). From it was formed a verb saturāre ‘fill, glut, surfeit’, whose past participle has given English saturate. At first this was used as a synonym of satisfy or satiate (‘so to saturate their insatiable hunger’, Thomas Bell, Survey of Popery 1596), and the modern sense ‘soak’ did not emerge fully until the mid 18th century.
=> sad, sated, satisfy
Saturday: Saturday: [OE] Saturday is etymologically ‘Saturn’s day’. Old English Sæterdæg was short for Sæternes dæg, a translation of Latin Sāturnī diēs ‘Saturn’s day’. Saturn [OE] itself, as the name of both the god and the planet, comes from Latin Sāturnus, which may have been of Etruscan origin. In ancient Rome, the festival held in honour of Saturn, which took place in December, was the occasion for fairly uninhibited revelry.

It was called the Sāturnālia, which English acquired as saturnalia [16]. Those born under Saturn, by contrast, were considered by ancient and medieval astrologers to be of gloomy temperament – hence the adjective saturnine [15].
=> saturn, saturnalia, saturnine
sauce: sauce: [14] Sauce is one of a range of English words (others include salad, salary, and sausage) that go back ultimately to Latin sāl ‘salt’ (a relative of English salt). From it was formed the adjective salsus ‘salted’, whose feminine form salsa was used in Vulgar Latin for a ‘brine dressing or pickle’. This later evolved into Italian and Spanish salsa ‘sauce’ (the latter adopted into English as salsa [20]) and French sauce, from which English gets sauce.

The derivative saucy ‘cheeky’ no doubt arose from the ‘piquancy’ or ‘tartness’ of sauces. Saucer [14] originally meant ‘sauceboat’, and was borrowed from Old French saussier, a derivative of sauce. The modern application to a ‘dish for a cup’ did not evolve until the 18th century.
=> salt, saucer
saunter: saunter: [15] Saunter’s modern connotations of ‘walking’ did not emerge until the 17th century, but it is presumably the same word as Middle English santer ‘muse’. The origins of this, however, are largely a matter of speculation. One theory is that it is connected with the 15thcentury term sawnterell ‘pretended saint, sanctimonious person’, the notion being that those who affect piety go around with a faraway mystical musing air. Sawnterell in turn was probably a derivative of saint.
=> saint
sausage: sausage: [15] A sausage is etymologically a dish made by ‘salting’. The word comes via Old Northern French saussiche from late Latin salsīcia, a noun use of the neuter plural of salsīcius ‘made by salting’. This in turn was based on Latin salsus ‘salted’, a derivative of sāl ‘salt’. The earliest record of the use of sausage dog for ‘dachshund’ (an allusion to its cylindrical shape, and also perhaps to the Germans’ supposed liking for sausages) dates from the late 1930s.
=> salt
sauté: sauté: [19] If you sauté something, you are etymologically making it ‘jump’. The word comes from the past participle of French sauter ‘jump’, a descendant of Latin saltāre ‘jump’. This in turn was derived from salīre ‘jump’, which has given English assail, insult, salacious, salient, etc. In the cookery sense sauter is used causatively, to ‘make something jump’, hence to ‘toss’ it in a frying pan.
=> assault, insult, result, salacious, salient
savage: savage: [13] A savage is etymologically someone who comes from the ‘woods’ – woodlands being anciently viewed as places of untamed nature, beyond the pale of civilized human society. The word comes via Old French sauvage from Vulgar Latin *salvāticus, an alteration of Latin silvāticus ‘of the woods, wild’. This was a derivative of silva ‘woods, forest’ (source of English sylvan [16]), a word of uncertain origin.
=> sylvan
save: save: English has two distinct words save, which come from the same ultimate source, but have entered the language along very different routes. That source was Latin salvus ‘unharmed’, ancestor of English safe. Its ablative form salvō was used as a virtual preposition, in the sense ‘without injury to, without prejudice to’, hence ‘except’, and this passed into English via Old French sauf as the preposition and conjunction save [13].

The verb save [13] goes back via Anglo-Norman sauver to late Latin salvāre (source also of English salvage, salver, and salvation [13]), which in turn was derived from salvus. The derivative saviour [13] comes via Old French sauveour from late Latin salvātor.
=> safe, sage, salvation, saviour
saveloy: saveloy: [19] Saveloy ‘spicy sausage’ is etymologically a sausage made from ‘brains’. The word is an anglicization of early modern French cervelat, which in turn was borrowed from Italian cervellata, a diminutive form of cervello ‘brains’. This was a descendant of Latin cerebellum (acquired by English in the 16th century), itself a diminutive of cerebrum ‘brain’ (source of English cerebral [19]). And cerebrum is distantly related to Swedish hjarna and Danish hjerne ‘brain’, all three going back ultimately to a prehistoric Indo-European base meaning ‘head’.
=> cerebral
saviour: saviour: see save
savoir-faire: savoir-faire: see sapient
savour: savour: [13] Latin sapere meant both ‘taste’ and ‘be wise’. In the latter sense it has given English sapient, but the former only was preserved in its derived noun sapor ‘taste’. This found its way into English via Old French savour. The derivative savoury [13] originally meant ‘pleasant-tasting’. Its modern use, contrasted with sweet, dates from the 17th century.
=> sapient
savvy: savvy: see sapient