英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

individually (adv.)[individually 词源字典]: 1590s, "indivisibly," from individual + -ly (2). Meaning "as individuals" is from 1640s.[individually etymology, individually origin, 英语词源]
individuate (v.): 1610s, from Medieval Latin individuatus, past participle of individuare, from Latin individuus (see individual). Related: Individuated; individuating.
individuation (n.): 1620s, from Medieval Latin individuationem, noun of action from individuare, from individuus (see individual). Psychological sense is from 1909.
indivisibility (n.): 1640s, from indivisible + -ity.
indivisible (adj.): early 15c., from Middle French indivisible and directly from Late Latin indivisibilis, from in- "not, opposite of" (see in- (1)) + divisibilis (see divisible).
Indo-European: 1814, coined by physician, physicist and Egyptologist Thomas Young (1773-1829) and first used in an article in the "Quarterly Review," from Indo-, comb. form of Greek Indos "India" + European. "Common to India and Europe," specifically in reference to the group of related languages and to the race or races characterized by their use. The alternative Indo-Germanic (1835) was coined in German 1823 (indogermanisch), based on the two peoples at the extremes of the geographic area covered by the languages, before Celtic was realized also to be an Indo-European language. After this was proved, many German scholars switched to Indo-European as more accurate, but Indo-Germanic continued in use (popularized by the titles of major works) and the predominance of German scholarship in this field made it the popular term in England, too, through the 19c. See also Aryan.
Indochina: 1886, from Indo-, comb. form of Greek Indos "India" + China. Name proposed early 19c. by Scottish poet and orientalist John Leyden, who lived and worked in India from 1803 till his death at 35 in 1811.
indoctrinate (v.): 1620s, "to teach," from in- (2) "in" + Latin doctrina "teaching" (see doctrine). Meaning "to imbue with an idea or opinion" first recorded 1832. Related: Indoctrinated; indoctrinating. The earlier verb was indoctrine (c. 1500).
indoctrination (n.): 1640s, noun of action from indoctrinate.
indolence (n.): c. 1600, "insensitivity to pain," from French indolence (16c.), from Latin indolentia "freedom from pain, insensibility," noun of action from indolentem (nominative indolens) "insensitive to pain," used by Jerome to render Greek apelgekos in Ephesians; from Latin in- "not, opposite of, without" (see in- (1)) + dolentem (nominative dolens) "grieving," present participle of dolere "suffer pain, grieve." Sense of "laziness" (1710) is from notion of "avoiding trouble" (compare taking pains).
indolent (adj.): 1660s, "painless," from Late Latin indolentem (see indolence). Sense of "living easily" is 1710, from French indolent. Related: Indolently.
indomitable (adj.): 1630s, from Late Latin indomitabilis "untameable," from in- "not, opposite of, without" (see in- (1)) + *domitabilis, from Latin domitare, frequentative of domare "to tame" (see tame). Related: Indomitably.
Indonesian: 1850, from Indonesia, from Indo-, comb. form of Greek Indos "India" (see India) + nesos "island" (see Chersonese). Formerly called Indian Archipelago or East Indies Islands (see Indies).
indoor (adj.): 1711, from within door (opposed to outdoor); the form indoors is first attested 1799 in George Washington's writings.
indorsement (n.): see endorsement.
indrawn (adj.): also in-drawn, 1751, from in (adv.) + past tense of draw (v.). Middle English had indrawing "action of drawing in" (late 14c.). The plain verb indraw is rare, late 19c., and might be a back-formation.
indri (n.): 1839, European name for the babakoto, a lemur-like arboreal primate of Madagascar (Indris Lichanotus); the common story since late 19c. is that the name was given in error by French naturalist Pierre Sonnerat (1748-1814), c. 1780, from mistaken use of Malagasy indry! "look! See!" Evidently this was what his native guides said when they spotted the creature and called his attention to it.
However, as Hacking (1981) pointed out, Sonnerat was far too familiar with indris -- he described and figured them in detail, and apparently kept at least one in captivity -- for this story to be plausible. Furthermore, endrina is actually recorded as a native name for the indri (Cousins, 1885), and indri could easily be a variant of this name. Although the word endrina is first recorded in Malagasy only in 1835, there is no evidence that it could be a back-formation from the French indri (Hacking, 1981), and it seems implausible that the Malagasy would adopt an erroneous French name for an animal they were them selves familiar with. [Dunkel, Alexander R., et al., "Giant rabbits, marmosets, and British comedies: etymology of lemur names, part 1," in "Lemur News," vol. 16, 2011-2012, p.67]
indubitable (adj.): mid-15c., from Latin indubitabilis "that cannot be doubted," from in- "not, opposite of" (see in- (1)) + dubitabilis "doubtful," from dubitare "hesitate, doubt" (see doubt).
indubitably (adv.): late 15c., from indubitable + -ly (2).
induce (v.): late 14c., "to lead by persuasions or other influences," from Latin inducere "lead into, bring in, introduce, conduct, persuade," from in- "into, in, on, upon" (see in- (2)) + ducere "to lead" (see duke (n.)). Meaning "to bring about," of concrete situations, etc., is from early 15c.; sense of "to infer by reasoning" is from 1560s. Electro-magnetic sense first recorded 1777. Related: Induced; inducing.