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homeopathy [homeopathy 词源字典]: homeopathy: [19] Greek hómoios meant ‘like, similar’. It was derived from homós ‘same’, a word ultimately related to English same which has contributed homogeneous [17], homonym [17], homophone [17], and homosexual [19] to the English language. Combined with -pátheia, a derivative of Greek páthos ‘passion, suffering’, it produced German homöopathie, which was borrowed by English around 1830. Etymologically, the word means ‘cure by similarity’ – that is, by administering minute quantities of the same substance as caused the disease – and contrasts with allopathy [19], based on Greek állos ‘other’.
=> same[homeopathy etymology, homeopathy origin, 英语词源]
homily: homily: [14] Etymologically, a homily is a discourse addressed to a ‘crowd of people’. The word comes via Old French omelie and late Latin homīlia from Greek homīlíā ‘discourse’. This was a derivative of hōmílos ‘crowd’, originally a compound noun formed from homou ‘together’ and ílē ‘crowd’. Its moral connotations emerged in the original Greek.
hominy: hominy: [17] Hominy, a gruel or porridge made from coarsely ground maize kernels, is a North American dish, and appropriately enough its linguistic origins are probably American too. A likely source is Algonquian appuminnéonash ‘parched corn’, a compound noun formed from appwóon ‘he bakes’ and minneash ‘grains, corn’. The first reference to it in an English text is by Captain John Smith, an early English colonist in America, in 1629: ‘Their servants commonly feed upon Milk Homini, which is bruised Indian corn pounded, and boiled thick, and milk for the sauce’.
homonym: homonym: see homeopathy
homosexual: homosexual: see homeopathy
honest: honest: [13] Honest comes via Old French honeste from Latin honestus, a derivative of honōs, from which English gets honour. The new Latin noun formed from honestus was *honestitās, literally ‘honestness’, recorded only in the later contracted form honestās. From it English acquired honesty [14], whose application to plants of the genus Lunaria was inspired by their nearly transparent seed-pods.
=> honour
honey: honey: [OE] Our Indo-European ancestors were very fond of honey, and their word for it, based on *melit-, has come down to many modern European languages, such as French and Spanish miel, Italian miele, and Welsh mel (it also contributed to English mellifluous, mildew, and molasses). The Germanic languages, however, have not persisted with it.

Their words for ‘honey’ (which also include German honig, Dutch honing, Swedish honung, and Danish honning) come from a prehistoric West and North Germanic *khunagom or *khunanggom. This may originally have described the colour of honey; it has been linked with Greek knēkós ‘pale yellow’ and Sanskrit kāncana- ‘golden’.
honeymoon: honeymoon: [16] The word honeymoon first appeared in print in the middle of the 16th century. Richard Huloet in his Abecedarium Anglico Latinum 1552 defined it as ‘a term proverbially applied to such as be new married, which will not fall out at the first, but the one loueth the other at the beginning exceedingly, the likelihood of their exceeding love appearing to assuage, the which time the vulgar people call the honey moon’. His description suggests not only that the term had already been around for some time by the 1550s, but also that it was probably inspired by the notion that although married love was at first as sweet as honey, it soon waned like the moon.
honour: honour: [12] English acquired honour via Old French honour from honōr-, the stem form of Latin honōs (later honor). It is not known where the Latin word came from. Derivatives to reach English include honest, honesty, honorary [17], and honorarium [17] (which in Latin denoted virtually a bribe paid in order to get appointed to an honorary post).
=> honest, honesty
hood: hood: [OE] Ultimately hood and hat are the same word, and both mean etymologically ‘headcovering’. They go back to an Indo-European *kadh- ‘cover, protect’, which in the case of hood produced a West Germanic derivative *khōdaz. From it are descended German hut ‘hat’, Dutch hoed ‘hat’, and English hood. Hoodwink [16] originally meant literally ‘cover someone’s eyes with a hood or blindfold so that they could not see’; the modern figurative sense ‘deceive’ is first recorded in the 17th century.
=> hat
hook: hook: [OE] Hook and its Germanic relatives, German haken, Dutch haak, Swedish hake, and Danish hage, go back to a prehistoric *keg- or *keng- ‘bent object’, from which English also gets hank [14] (via Old Norse *hanku). Old Norse haki ‘hook’ was the source of a now obsolete English hake ‘hook’, which may have been the inspiration for the fish-name hake [15] (the hake having a hook-shaped lower jaw). Hookah ‘water-pipe’ [18], incidentally, has no etymological connection with hook; it comes via Urdu from Arabic huqqah ‘small box’.
=> hake, hank
hoopoe: hoopoe: see dupe
hope: hope: [OE] The origins of the word hope are obscure. It appears to have started life among the Low German dialects of northern Germany (whence English hope and Dutch hoop), and later spread to Scandinavia (giving Swedish hopp and Danish haab) and High German (modern German has the verb hoffen and the derived noun hoffnung ‘hope’). Where did the original Low German forms come from, though? A suggestion that has found some favour is that the word is related to hop, and that it started from the notion of ‘jumping to safety’. The theory goes that the ‘place of refuge’ thus reached gives one ‘hope’, but it has an air of desperation.
horde: horde: see hoard
horizon: horizon: [14] Etymologically, the horizon is simply a ‘line forming a boundary’. The word comes via Old French orizon and late Latin horīzōn from Greek horízōn, a derivative of the verb horīzein ‘divide, separate’ (source also of English aphorism [16], originally a ‘definition’). This in turn came from the noun hóros ‘boundary, limit’. Horizontal [16], which came either from French or directly from late Latin, originally meant simply ‘of the horizon’; it was not until the 17th century that it began to be used in its modern sense ‘flat, level’.
=> aphorism
horn: horn: [OE] Horn belongs to a very large Indo- European word-family that has made an enormous number of contributions to English. Its ultimate source is Indo-European *ker-, whose offspring predominantly denote ‘animal’s horn’, but also include words for ‘top’ and ‘head’. Its Germanic descendant, *khornaz, has not been that prolific (it has produced English, German, Swedish, and Danish horn and Dutch hoorn, and hornet is probably a derivative), but other branches of the family have been more fruitful sources.

From Latin cornū ‘horn’, for example, come English corn ‘hard skin’, cornea, corner, cornet, cornucopia, unicorn, and possibly scherzo and scorn; Greek kéras ‘horn’ has given English keratin, rhinoceros, and triceratops; while Sanskrit śrngam ‘horn’ lies behind English ginger.

And besides these, English hart ‘male deer’ [OE] goes back to a derivative of *ker-.
=> corn, corner, cornet, ginger, hart, hornet, keratin, rhinoceros, triceratops
horoscope: horoscope: see hour
horrible: horrible: [14] The Latin verb horrēre was used for hair standing on end or bristling. A common cause of this phenomenon is of course fear, and so in due course horrēre came to mean ‘tremble, shake, be filled with fear and revulsion’. The latter sense has been carried through into English in the derivatives horrible, horrid [16], and horror [14]. (Horrid, incidentally, from Latin horridus, was originally used in English in the etymological sense ‘shaggy, hairy, bristling’ – ‘a rugged attire, hirsute head, horrid beard’, Robert Burton, Anatomy of Melancholy 1621 – but this did not survive beyond the early 19th century.) The Old French descendant of horridus was ord ‘filthy’, from a derivative of which English gets ordure [14].
=> horrid, horror, ordure
hors: hors: hors d’oeuvre [18] In French, hors d’oeuvre means literally ‘outside the work’ – that is, ‘not part of the ordinary set of courses in a meal’. The earliest record of its use in English is in the general sense ‘out of the ordinary’ (‘The Frenzy of one who is given up for a Lunatick, is a Frenzy hors d’ oeuvre … something which is singular in its kind’, Joseph Addison, Spectator 1714), but this did not survive beyond the 18th century.

Alexander Pope, in his Dunciad 1742, was the first to use the word in its modern culinary sense. (French oeuvre ‘work’, incidentally, comes from Latin opera ‘work’, source of or related to English copious, manoeuvre, opera, operate, and opulent.)
=> d'oeuvre, copious, manoeuvre, manure, opera, operate, opulent
hors d'oeuvre: hors d'oeuvre: [18] In French, hors d’oeuvre means literally ‘outside the work’ – that is, ‘not part of the ordinary set of courses in a meal’. The earliest record of its use in English is in the general sense ‘out of the ordinary’ (‘The Frenzy of one who is given up for a Lunatick, is a Frenzy hors d’ oeuvre … something which is singular in its kind’, Joseph Addison, Spectator 1714), but this did not survive beyond the 18th century.

Alexander Pope, in his Dunciad 1742, was the first to use the word in its modern culinary sense. (French oeuvre ‘work’, incidentally, comes from Latin opera ‘work’, source of or related to English copious, manoeuvre, opera, operate, and opulent.)
=> d'oeuvre, copious, manoeuvre, manure, opera, operate, opulent