词根：stern(stren) = rigid（严格的；僵硬的；（规则、方法

  来自拉丁语的stern 意为 rigid,它的变形为stren。stern 也有chest,breast 的意思，但此种用法不多见。

同源词：

1. consternation（身体完全变硬 con<com(=intensive) + stern(=rigid)）
  n.吃惊，惊愕；惊惶失措
  Imagine my consternation at seeing three hoods with guns approaching me. 想像一下，当看到三个强盗持枪向我走来时我是多么惊惶失措。

2. stern
  adj.严格的；苛刻的，严厉的；坚定的 n.船尾
  sternly adv. 严格地
  sternness n.严格
  stern treatment /rebukes 严厉的对待/严厉的指责
  stern taskmaster /face 严厉的工头/板着的面孔
  stern looks 严厉的表情

3. sternum
  n.胸骨 *stern (=breast,chest)

4. strenuous
  adj.奋发的；艰苦的 *stren<stern(=rigid)
  make strenuous efforts 竭尽全力
  strenuous work 艰苦的工作
  strenuous workers 勤奋的工人
  lead a strenuous life 生活艰苦

词根词缀：sterno-, stern-

【来源及含义】Greek: chest, breast, sternum, the breast bone

【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related, partially or totally, to: "breast, breasts, chest": mammill-; mammo-; masto-; mastoido-; mazo-; pectoro-; pleuro-; stetho-; thorac-.

【同源单词】chondrosternoplasty, cleidosternal, costosternal, costosternoplasty, entosternal, entosternite