词根:prob, prov = to test , to try(试), to examine(试验)
来源于拉丁语 probare 尝试,词根 -prov- 是根据辅音的交替规律由 -prob- 变来的,属于单辅音交替,如:provable 可验证的 / 可证实的、approve 承认 /证实;异形同义词根有:-peri- / -tempt- / -tent- 试验
同源词:
1. approbation(让某人尝试ap<ad(=to) + prob(=try,test,good))
n.许可;认可;承认;赞赏
approbate v.认可;承认;赞赏
Most children behave well after receiving approbation. 大多数孩子都会在受到表扬后变得很乘。
2. probity(经历考验的或优秀的性质 prob(=test,good,proper)
n.清廉,高洁;诚实
My father is a man of unquestioned probity. 毫无疑问,我父亲是个诚实的人。
3. reprove(重新进行实验 re(=again) + prow(=test))
vt.责备,指责
reproof n.非难,指责,责备
The judge reproved Microsoft for its obviously monopolistic business practices. 法官指责的微软有明显的行业垄断行为。
4. reprobate
v.责备,非难 n.恶棍,无赖 *re(=back,again,against)
reprobation n.责备,非难
5. probe(prob 探,e (v./ n.)后缀,可供试验使用的仪器-->)
v.探测;(用探针)探查;彻底调查(原因等)n.探针(医生为查明伤处等而使用的工具);调查
adj.可能会发生的 n.很可能会被中的人,可能获胜的人
probably adv.也许
probling n. 探通术 (-ing (n.) 名词后缀)(用试验的方法探寻真理的)
probable winner 可能获胜的人
probable result 可能出现的结果
6. probability (-ility 名词后缀,有可能的事情 -->)
n.可能性,或然性;可能现现的结果
7. improbable(im- 不,无,prob 试,-able 后缀,连试一试的都没有机会 -->不可能的)
adj.不可能的,不可能有(或发生)的 *im<in(=not)
improbability n.不可能有(或发生),不可能发生的事
8. probate (prob + -ate (v./ n.)后缀,可证明遗嘱归属的文件 -->)
n.遗嘱的验证;经验证的遗嘱
v.验证(遗嘱)
9. probation (见上,-ation 名词后缀)
n.试用,见习;见习期;试用期;鉴定;缓刑
probationary adj.试用的;见习的;缓刑的
officer on probation 见习期公务员
three year's probation under suspended sentence of one year's imprisonment 一年徒刑,缓刑三年
probation system 缓刑制
probation officer 缓刑监护官
10. probationer(见上,-er 为表示人的后缀)
n.见习生;试用人员;缓刑犯
11. approve
v.认可,赞成,同意;批准;满意 *ap<ad(=to)
12. approval
n.认可,赞成;同意;满意
goods on approval 供试用的货物(不满意可以退货)
13. disprove
v.证明...不正确;反驳 *dis(=away,apart)
14. disproof
n.反证;反驳 *dis(=away,apart),proof<prov(=test,try,examine)
15. improve
v.改善,改良;增进;利用 *im<in(=into)
16. improvement
n.改良,改善;增进;改善的事物;利用 *im<in(=into)
词根:mol, moll = to grind, grain, burden, heap, moll
来自拉丁语的mol意为 to grind,grain,burden,heap,moll意为 soft。
同源词:
1. demolition(完全弄成粉末 de(=down,intensive) + mol(=grind,heap,burden))
n.(对老建筑或旧制度等的)拆毁;破坏,爆破;推翻
demolish v.拆毁;破坏;推翻
The demolition of the hotel is scheduled for next Thursday. 那家宾馆的爆破工作定于下星期四进行。
2. emolument(磨出来e<ex(=out) + mol(=grind,grain))
n.薪金,报酬,工资
CEOs of many major companies enjoy extravagantly generous emoluments. 许多大企业的首席执行官司们都享有极其丰厚的薪金。
3. immolate(在某物上面使成为谷粒、谷物 im<in(=on) + mol(=grain,heap,grind))
vt. sth + to + sth /do 杀死...作为祭物,献祭
immolation n.供奉祭品,祭物,牺牲
Ancient Mayas are known to have immolated human victims to appease their goods. 据说古玛雅人以人为祭物来平息他们所信的神的愤怒。
4. molecule
n.分子 cule(=small),mol(=grain,heap,grind)
5. molecular
adj.分子的,由分子组成的 mol(=grain,heap,grind),cul<cule(=small)
molecular structure 分子结构
molecular attraction /model/weight 分子引力/分子模型/分子量
6. molest
v.骚扰;干扰;(对女性)调戏 *mol(=burden,grind,grain)
molestation n.妨碍;干扰
7. molar
n.臼齿 adj.臼齿的;磨碎的 *mol(=grind,grain)
8. premorlar
n.前臼齿 adj.前臼齿的 *pre(=before),moll(=grind,grain)
incisor n.(门牙)
canine n.犬齿
9. emollient
adj.使柔软的
n.(皮肤)润肤剂,软化剂 *e<ex(=out) ,moll(=soft)
10. mollify
v.平息,缓和,减轻;使安静,使平静 *moll(=soft),ify(=make)
mollification n.缓和,减轻
mollifying remarks 抚慰的话
mollify her anger 平息她的怒火
11. mollusk
n.软体动物 *moll(=soft)
词根:len = soft
来自拉丁语的len意为soft。
同源词:
1. relentless(根本没有温柔的 re(=intensive) + len(=soft) + less (=without))
adj.毫无留情的,冷酷的;不断的
relentlessly adv.残酷地
I fell victim to her relentless flirting and finally agreed to a date.我终于抵挡不住她不断的调情,答应和她约会。
2. unrelenting
adj.决不宽恕的;冷酷无情的;不缓和的 *un(=not),re(=again)
unrelenting pressure/attacks 毫无缓解的压力/无情的攻击
3. relent
v.变宽厚,变温和 *re(again)
At last their mother relented and allowed the children to stay up and watch TV.最终,母亲心软了,允许孩子们看电视看到很晚。
4. lenient
adj.(处罚)宽大的;仁慈的
lenience /leniency n.宽大,宽容
lenient parents / judges 宽大仁慈的父母/法官
5. lenity
n.慈悲;宽大
后缀:-en ①[动词后缀]
表示做、使成为...、使变成...
shorten 使缩短
gladden 使快活
harden 使变硬
flatten 使变平
strengthen 加强
moisten 弄湿,使湿
deepen 加深,使深
sharpen 削尖
rechen 使富
quicken 加快
darken 使黑,变黑
youthen 变年轻
heighten 加高,提高
fatten 使肥
lengthen 使延长,伸长
straighten 弄直,使直
broaden 加宽
sweeten 使变甜
thicken 使变厚
soften 弄软,使软化
②[形容词后缀]
表示由...制成的,含有...质的,似...的
wooden 木制的
leaden 铅制的
woolen 羊毛制的
golden 金质的,似金的
silken 丝的,如丝的
wheaten 小麦制的
earthen 泥质的,泥制的
waxen 蜡制的,似蜡的
ashen 灰的,似灰的
oaken 橡树制的
③[名词后缀]
1、表示人
warden 看守人
citizen 公民
vixen 刁妇,泼妇
denizen 居民
2、表示小称
maiden 少女
chicken 小鸡
kitten 小猫
后缀:-ness [名词后缀]
加在形容词之后,构成抽象名词,表示性质、情况、状态
greatness 伟大
friendliness 友好,友善
kindness 仁慈,好意
darkness 黑暗
emptimess 空虚,空洞
likeness 相似,类似
willingness 心甘情愿
softness 柔软
goodness 善行,优良
badness 恶劣,坏
weakness 懦弱,虚弱
tiredness 疲倦,疲劳
bitterness 苦,苦难
holiness 神圣
idleness 懒惰
blindness 盲目
词根词缀:athero-, ather-
【来源及含义】Greek: groats, meal, porridge; soft, pasty materials
【相关描述】This element used to mean "of or pertaining to a sebaceous cyst" and "of or pertaining to arteriosclerosis", the "thickening of the arteries".
【同源单词】atherectomy, atherogenesis, atherogenic, atheroma, atheromatous, atherome
词根词缀:capit-, capt-, cap-, cep-, ceps-, chapt-, chef, cip-
【来源及含义】Latin: head; leader, chief, or first
【相关描述】It may be surprising to see that a "captain" and a "chef" both belong to the same word family; however, a captain is, of course, the "head of a company of military soldiers", and a "chef is the captain of a group of cooks".
A chef, especially to those who love good food, is not a lowly official; and when it is remembered that the old saying that "an army travels on its stomach", a chef is every bit as important as a captain.
When the French borrowed words from Latin, they frequently used soft sounds. These French words, with their softer sounds, then made their way into the English language. At the same time, English borrowed words directly from Latin. So it is that in English we often have two words which share the same root, but which have different, though related, forms and meanings.
Don't confuse the words in this capit-, capt- unit with those in the cap-, cip-, "catch, seize" unit.
【同源单词】a capite ad calcem, achieve, achievement, achiever, acid rain, alopecia capitis totalis
词根词缀:ciono-, cion-, kiono-, kio-
【来源及含义】Greek: uvula; the small piece of soft tissue that can be seen dangling down from the soft palate over the back of the tongue
【相关描述】Go to the uvul- unit of word families for a more extensive list of uvula words.
【同源单词】cionectomy, cionitis, cionoptosis, cionorrhaphy
词根词缀:lapar-, laparo-
【来源及含义】Greek: the soft part of the body between the ribs and the hip, flank, loin; denotes the flank or loins and the abdominal wall or a part of the abdomen
【相关描述】Sometimes this element is used loosely (even incorrectly) as a reference to the abdomen in general.
【同源单词】cystidolaparotomy, hemiolaparotomy, herniolaparotomy, laparacolpotomy, laparectomy, laparocele
词根词缀:malaco-, malac-, malako-, -malacia
【来源及含义】Greek: soft, softness; abnormal softening, soft-bodied
【同源单词】adenomalacia, angiomalacia, arteriomalacia, bronchomalacia, cardiomalacia, cerebromalacia