词根:tard = slow
来自拉丁语的tardus意为slow。它的同义词根是slo,反义词根是来源于拉丁语celer的词根cel,celer意为swift。
同源词:
1. retard(因落后而慢re(=back) + tard(=slow))
vt.妨碍;拖延,推迟
retardation n.妨碍;迟延,拖延
Firefighters use certain chemicals that retard the spread of a fire.消防队员使用特定的化学物质阻止火势蔓延。
2. tardy
adj.缓慢的,迟钝的;拖拉的;迟到的
tardily adv.拖拖拉拉地,迟缓地
tardiness n.缓慢;迟到
tardy progress/repentance 缓慢的进展/迟来的后悔
tardy in offering help 不情愿帮忙的
be tardy for school上学迟到
词根:cel, celer = swift 快速
来源于拉丁语 celer意为swift 迅速。其反义词根为slo, tard,意为slow。
同源词:
1. accelerate [使某物更快ac<ad(=to.add)+coler(=swift)]
vt. 使加速:促进
vi. 加快
acceleration n. 加速;促进
acceierator n. 如速者,加速嚣
Globat warming continues to accelerate more each year. 全球变暖每年持续加速。
2. celerity [快的状态celer(=swift)]
n. 迅速,敏捷
Our teenage son shows amazing celerity when we call him to dinner. 我们喊我那十几岁的儿子吃晚饭时,他的反应快得惊人。
3. accelerando
adj./adv. 渐快的(地)*ac<ad(=to)
4. decelerate
v. 减速 *de(=down)
5. excel
v. 胜过,优于 *ex(=out)
6. excellence
n. 卓越,优秀;优点,长处 *ex(=out)
prize for excellence in furniture design 家具设计优秀奖
his excellence in all forms of sports 他在所有运动项目上的出色
7. Excellency
n. 阁下(对大使、总督等的尊称)*ex(=out)
Your Excellency (直接称呼)阁下
His/Her Excellency (间接提到时的称呼)阁下
词根:act, ag = to do, to drive (做, 驱使)
词根 ag 来自拉丁动词 agere 的词干部分,意思相当于英语的 to do (做)或to drive(驱使)。act 是个英语核心单词,其实它的前身 act 是ag的同源异形词根,来自agere(过去分词actus) 的动名词形式 actum 的词干部分,基本含义也是to do 或to drive。
同源词:
1. act
n.行为;法案;一幕
v.
同源词:
1. do something 行动:to act at once 立刻行动;2. function 起作用:The brakes wouldn't act. 刹车失录。3.take part in a play or film 扮演:Who is acting Hamlet ? 谁演哈姆雷特?
actor n.男演员;行动者
actress n.女演员
re-act v.重做,再做;重演,再演
overact v.演得过于夸张
2. action
n. 1. process of doing,or deed 行动,活动:Actions speak louder than words. 行动比语言更有说服力。
2. result of doing ,or effect 作用:the action of an acid on metal 酸对金属的作用
3. charge 诉讼:to bring an action against someone 起诉某人
actionable adj.可控诉的
3. active (act = to do 做;-ive adj.= able 会......的)
adj.able to do 活跃的,积极的:Although he is over 70,he is still active. 他虽然年过70,但依然很活跃。
activate v.使活动
activism n.[哲]能动主义;积极,活跃
activist n.活动分子,积极分子
activity n.能动性;活跃;[复]活动
4. actual(act = to do 做;-u-;-al adj.= the act or fact 表行为或事实)
adj.existing in fact;real 实际的;现实的:the actual amount of money 实际金额
actualist n.现实主义者
actuality n.事实,现在情况;现实性
actualize v.实行,使现实化
5. actuate(act = to do 做;-u-;-ate v.=to make or cause 使......)
v. cause to do 驱动,激励:What motives actuated her ? 什么动机驱使她这样做的?
actuation n.驱动,激励;开动
6. exact (ex- = out 出;act = to drive 驱使-->“to drive out;driven out 逼出来(的)”)
v.demand or obtain by force 强求,索取:He exacted obedience from his students. 他强要学生服从他。
adj.correct and without mistake 准确的,精确的:to be exact in conduct 行为一丝不苟
exacting adj.苛求的,严厉的;强索的
exaction adj.强索的;勒索;榨取
exactutude n.精确(性);严格,严谨
7. react (re- = back 回返;act = to do 做)
v.
同源词:
1. do or act in reply 反应:She was slow to react. 她反应迟钝。
2. do against 反动,反作用:to react against oppression 反抗压迫
reaction n.反应;反作用;反动
reactor n.引起反应的人或物;[原]反应堆
reactive adj.反应的;反动的
8. interact (inter- = between 在......之间;act = to do 做 --> “to do between two things 在两者之间互动”)
v.have an effect on each other 互相作用,互相影响:All things are inter-related and interacted on each other. 一切事物都是互相联系又互相影响的。
interaction n.相互作用;相互
interactant n.[化]反应物
interactive adj.互相作用的;[计]交互的
9. transact(trans- = across or through 穿过;act = to drive 驱使 --> “to drive through 使通过”)
v. carry on;manage 执行,办理:He transacted some business at bank. 他在银行处理了一些事务。
transaction n.办理,处理;交易,业务
transactor n. 办事人,处理者
10. enact
vt.制定法律, 扮演, 颁布 *en(=in)
11. exactitude
n. 正确;精密;严正《-itude 抽象名词后缀》
12. inaction
v.不活动;懒散;怠惰《in- = not》
inactive adj.不活动的;不活泼的;懒惰的
13. agent
n.代理人;代理商;动作者;原动力(做的人)
14. agile
n.动作的敏捷;机敏
15. agitate
v. 震动;煽动
16. agitation
n.摇动;激动的状态;煽动
17. agitator
n.煽动者;游说者
18. agony
n.极大的痛苦;精神上的激动(缠绕心头)
19. cogent
adj.强有力的;使人信服的(劝动另人一起去)《co- = com- = together》
20. cogitate
v.思考;计划;设计
21. cogitable
adj.可思考的;可想象的
22. exigent
adj.急切的;紧急的;所需极多的(驱逐出去)《ex- = out;ig = act = to act》
23. prodigal
adj.浪费的;挥霍的
n.浪费者;浪子《拉丁文 prodigere = to drive forth》
前缀:hyper- 超过、过多、太甚
hypermilitant 极度好战的
hyperslow 极慢的
hypersensitive 过敏的
hypersuspicious 过分多疑的
hypersexual 性欲极强的
hyperverbal 说话太多的
hypercriticism 过分批评
hyperactive 活动过度的
hypersonic 特超音速的
hyperacid 胃酸过多的
后缀:-ish ①[形容词后缀]
1、加在名词之后,表示如...的、似...的、有...性质的
childish 如小孩的
girlish 如小女的
womanish 女子气的
devilish 魔鬼似的
boyish 如男孩的
moonish 似月亮的
hellish 地狱似的
bookish 书生气的
foolish 愚蠢的,笨的
piggish 猪一样的
wolfish 狼似的
monkish 似僧的
slavish 奴隶般的
youngish 还年轻的
2、加在形容词之后,表示含有某种程序的、略...的、稍...的
coldish 略寒的,稍冷的
warmish 稍暖的
oldish 略老的,稍旧的
tallish 略高的
sweetish 略甜的
wettish 略湿的
greenish 略带绿色的
yellowish 微黄的
longish 略长的,稍长的
fattish 稍胖的
slowish 稍慢的
2、表示某国的或某民族的、兼表某国的语言
English 英国的,英语
Swedish 瑞典的,瑞典语
Spanish 西班牙的,西班牙语
Polish 波兰的,波兰语
Irish 爱尔兰的,爱尔兰语
Finnish 芬兰的,芬兰语
Turkish 土耳其的,土耳其语
Danish 丹麦的,丹麦语
②[动词后缀]
表示做...、致使...、造成...、成为...
nourish 滋养,养育
establish 设立,建造
flourish 繁荣,兴旺
improverish 使穷困
diminish 使缩小,变小
vanish 消逝
publish 公布
finish 结束
词根词缀:argo-
【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: passive, unworkable, slow; a-, "without, not" + ergon, "work"
【相关词根词缀】 Cross references related to "work, toil" word families: ergasio-; ergo-; labor-; oper-; pono-; urg-.
【同源单词】argamblyopia, argodromile, argon, argonon, argotaxis
词根词缀:baro-, bar-, bary-
【来源及含义】Greek: weight, heavy; atmospheric pressure; a combining form meaning "pressure", as in barotaxis, or sometimes "weight", as in baromacrometer
【相关描述】In an extended sense, these elements may mean "difficult" or "slow".
【同源单词】abarognosis, baragnosis, baranesthesia, baresthesiometric, barhypesthesia, bariatrician
词根词缀:brachyo-, brachy-, -brachy, -brach
【来源及含义】Greek: short, shortness, small [also expressed as "slow"]
【相关描述】Used in the sense of "abnormally small, short".
【同源单词】amphibrach, brachycardia, brachycephalic, brachycephalous, brachycephaly, brachydactyl
词根词缀:brady-
【来源及含义】Greek: slow, slowness; delayed, tardy; a prefix used in the sense of being "abnormally slow"
【同源单词】bradyacusia, bradyarrhythmia, bradyarthria, bradyauxesis, bradycardia, bradycardiac
词根词缀:dys-
【来源及含义】Greek: bad, harsh, wrong; ill; hard to do, difficult at; slow of; disordered; impaired, defective
【相关词根词缀】Inter-related cross references, directly or indirectly, involving word units meaning "bad, wrong": caco-, kako-; mal-; mis-; pessim-; sceler-. Cross references directly, or indirectly, involving "slow, slowness, slow of, sluggish": lent-; tard-.
【同源单词】acrodysaesthesia, acrodysostosis, algesidystrophy, algodystrophy, amebic dysentery, amylodyspepsia