词根：vol, volunt = will, free 意志, 意愿, 自由
来自拉丁语的vol 意为will,free。词根vol,volunt分别来源于拉丁语velle/voluntas 意志/选择自由。
(*拉丁文voluntas (=free,will）——英文字根字典）
同源词：
1. malevolent（带有不好的意图的 male<mal (=bad) + vol（=will)）
adj.有恶意的，坏心肠的
malevolence n.恶意，狠毒
I don't believe in ghosts,malevolent or otherwise.我不相信幽灵，不管它是善是恶。
2. benevolent（带有善良的、和善的意图的 bene(=good) + vol(=will)）
adj.仁慈的；亲切的；慈善的
benevolence n.仁慈；慈善
We often experience pleasure ourselves upon performing benevolent acts.在慈善行动中我们自己也常常体会到快乐。
3. volition（意志介入 vol(=will)）
n.意志，决断力；决定
volitional adj.意志的
We want our children to choose their careers of their own volition.我们希望孩子们能够根据自己的意愿选择职业。
4. voluptuous
adj.性感的，激起情欲的；沉溺酒色的；满足感官的
voluptuous music/beauty/thoughts/sensations 给人以快感的音乐/肉感美/淫念/性感
lead a voluptuous life 过荒淫无度的生活
5. voluptuary
adj/n.沉迷于酒色的（人）
6. volunteer
n.（做令人不愉快的或危险事情的）志愿者；志愿兵 v.自愿提供；自愿做
volunteer corps 义勇军
volunteer police 志愿警察
volunteer to help others 自愿帮助别人
volunteer for service 自愿参军
7. voluntary
adj.自发的；自愿的；靠自由捐助维持的；有意的
voluntarity
adv.自发地；自愿地
voluntary contribution 自发的捐助
voluntary workers 义工
voluntary appearance/confession 主动出庭/主动坦白
8. involuntary
adj.非自愿的，非本意的；无意的；不由自主的 *in(=not)
involuntarily
adv.不由自主地；非出于本意地
involuntary slaughter 过失杀人（罪）
involuntary servitude 强制劳役
9. volatile
adj.（液体等）易发挥的；（性格）活泼的；反复无常的；轻浮的；（政局等）紧张的 *vol(=fly)
volatility n.挥发性；挥发度
volatile oil 挥发性汽油
volatile salt 碳酸铵
词根词缀：massac-
【来源及含义】Latin > French: wholesale slaughter, carnage; slaughterhouse, butchery
【同源单词】massacre, massacre, massacred, massacrer
词根词缀：phon-, phono-
【来源及含义】Greek: (classic and modern) phono, phonos; slaughter, kill, murder, homicide
【相关描述】Don't confuse this phono-, phon- with another phono-, phon-, etc. that means "sound, voice, speech". In Greek, a distinction is made between the phonos (PHOH nohs), "murder", which is spelled with the letter omicron in the last syllable; and the Greek phonos (phoh NOHS), "voice", which is spelled with the letter omega in the last syllable. Both omicron and omega became the letter "o" in English.
【相关词根词缀】 Related "death, dead; kill" units: -cide; lethal-; mort-; neci-; necro-; thanato-.
【同源单词】androphonomania, Androphonos, autophonomania, buphonia, phonomania, phonos
词根词缀：phon-, phono-, -phone, -phonia, -phonic, -phonetic, -phonous, -phonically, -phonetically, -phony
【来源及含义】Greek: sound, voice, speech, tone
【相关描述】This phono-, phon- should not be confused with another phono-, phon- that means "slaughter, murder, homicide". In Greek, a distinction is made between the phonos (PHOH nohs), "murder", which is spelled with the Greek letter omicron in the last syllable; and the Greek phonos (phoh NOHS), "voice", which is spelled with the letter omega in the last syllable. Both omicron and omega became the letter "o" in English.
【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "talk, speak, speech; words, language; tongue, etc.": cit-; clam-; dic-; fa-; -farious; glosso-; glotto-; lalo-; linguo-; locu-; logo-; loqu-; mythico-; -ology; ora-; -phasia; -phemia; phras-; Quotes: Language,Part 1; Quotes: Language, Part 2; Quotes: Language, Part 3; serm-; tongue; voc-.
【同源单词】acouophone, acouophonia, acrophonetic, acrophonic, acrophony, actinophone