词根：vol, volunt = will, free 意志, 意愿, 自由
来自拉丁语的vol 意为will,free。词根vol,volunt分别来源于拉丁语velle/voluntas 意志/选择自由。
(*拉丁文voluntas (=free,will）——英文字根字典）
同源词：
1. malevolent（带有不好的意图的 male<mal (=bad) + vol（=will)）
adj.有恶意的，坏心肠的
malevolence n.恶意，狠毒
I don't believe in ghosts,malevolent or otherwise.我不相信幽灵，不管它是善是恶。
2. benevolent（带有善良的、和善的意图的 bene(=good) + vol(=will)）
adj.仁慈的；亲切的；慈善的
benevolence n.仁慈；慈善
We often experience pleasure ourselves upon performing benevolent acts.在慈善行动中我们自己也常常体会到快乐。
3. volition（意志介入 vol(=will)）
n.意志，决断力；决定
volitional adj.意志的
We want our children to choose their careers of their own volition.我们希望孩子们能够根据自己的意愿选择职业。
4. voluptuous
adj.性感的，激起情欲的；沉溺酒色的；满足感官的
voluptuous music/beauty/thoughts/sensations 给人以快感的音乐/肉感美/淫念/性感
lead a voluptuous life 过荒淫无度的生活
5. voluptuary
adj/n.沉迷于酒色的（人）
6. volunteer
n.（做令人不愉快的或危险事情的）志愿者；志愿兵 v.自愿提供；自愿做
volunteer corps 义勇军
volunteer police 志愿警察
volunteer to help others 自愿帮助别人
volunteer for service 自愿参军
7. voluntary
adj.自发的；自愿的；靠自由捐助维持的；有意的
voluntarity
adv.自发地；自愿地
voluntary contribution 自发的捐助
voluntary workers 义工
voluntary appearance/confession 主动出庭/主动坦白
8. involuntary
adj.非自愿的，非本意的；无意的；不由自主的 *in(=not)
involuntarily
adv.不由自主地；非出于本意地
involuntary slaughter 过失杀人（罪）
involuntary servitude 强制劳役
9. volatile
adj.（液体等）易发挥的；（性格）活泼的；反复无常的；轻浮的；（政局等）紧张的 *vol(=fly)
volatility n.挥发性；挥发度
volatile oil 挥发性汽油
volatile salt 碳酸铵
词根：lic = to entice, to permit 准许
来自拉丁语的licere意为to entice,to permit。
（*拉丁文licēre(=to be permitted) —— 英文字根字典）
同源词：
1. elicit（诈骗使出到外边e<ex(=out) + lic(=entice,permit)）
vt.sth + from + sb 引出；诱出
elicitation n.引出
Her remarks,intended seriously,elicited only laughter from the group. 她的发言本是很严肃的，但却只让大家笑起来。
2. illicit （法律不允许的il<in(=not) + lic(=permit)）
adj.非法的，法律禁止的
illicity adv.非法地
The minister had conducted an illicit affair with a parishioner for years. 那个牧师多年以来一直和一个教区居民保持着非法关系。
3. licit
adj.合法的，正当的
4. license
n. 执照；许可证；放纵，放肆 v.许可；准许；发放执照
licensee n.持有执照者；尤其指持有卖酒执照者
licentiate n.有开业执照者
license to practice medicine 医生的行医执照
driver's license 驾驶执照
5. licensed
adj.获准售酒的
licensed house 获准售酒处
6. leisure
n.空闲，闲暇自在 adj.空闲的；悠闲的 *leis <lic(=permit)
leisured adj.悠闲的；有闲的
leisured classes 有闲阶级
life of leisure 悠闲的生活
leisure wear 休闲服
leisure hours/industries 闲暇时间/娱乐业
7. leisurely
adj.悠闲的，慢慢的；从容不迫的 adv.慢慢地；从容不迫地 *leis<lic(=permit)
leisurely movements 从容不迫的举止
work leisurely 不慌不忙地工作
词根：tang, tact, ting (tig, tag) = to tuouch
tang,tact,ting (tig,tag)为同源异形根，来源于拉丁语动词tangere的不定式词干，tact是名词词干,过去分词是tactus,它们的变形tig,tag 意为to touch。同义词根有来自拉丁语的palp和tegr。
同源词：
1. contiguous（和某种事物相接触的 con<com(=with) + tig<ting(=touch)）
contiguity n.接触；临近
TV weather broadcasters usually only offer forecasts for the 48 contiguous United States. 电视天气预报通常只预报叛国本土的48的州的天气情况。
2. disentangle（对“使被纠缠”的轻微否定 dis(=reverse) + en(=make) + tang(=touch)）
vt. 解开；解决纠纷 vi.解开；松开
disentanglement n.解开
The detective managed to disentangle the 4 witnesses conflicting stories. 那位侦探从四位证人相互矛盾的叙述中了解了事实真相。
3. intangible（无法接触或抚摸的 in(=not) + tang(=touch)）
adj.不能抚摸的；无形的；难以掌握的
intangibility n.不可触知性
Some of the most important gifts we receive from parents are intangible. 我们从父母那里得到的一些最重要的礼物是无形的财富。
4. tangible（可触摸的tang(=touch)）
adj.通过触摸可以感知的；有形的；实际的；确凿的
tangibility n.可触知；确实性
tangibly adv.可触知地；确实地
We can only go to court with tangible evidence. 我们只掌握了确凿的证据才可以起诉。
5. contingent
adj.可能（但不确定）的，偶然的；（~to ）附带的；（~upon）以...为条件的
n.分遗队；代表团
contingent advantage 可能的优势
Such risks are contingent to the trade. 贸易中伴随着这样的风险。
fee contingent on success 成功后才能得到的报酬
6. contingency
n.（事件的）偶然性，可能性；偶然事件；（紧随某事件之后的）附带事件 *con<com(=with),ting(=touch)
prepared for all contingencies 准备应付所有偶然事件
result that depends upon contingencies 事件偶然性所带来的结果
contingency arrangements /plans 应对偶然事件的安排/计划
contingency clause （交易合约的）意外条款
contingency fund 应急专款
7. contagion
n.（由接触引发的疾病）感染，传染；传染病；（思想、情绪、传闻等的）感染 *con<com(=with),tag,ting(=touch0
A contagion of fear swept through the crowd .恐惧在人群中蔓延开来。
8. contagious
adj.（疾病）接触传染性的；（人）携带传染病原的；易传染的，易感染的 *con<com(=with) ,tag<ting(=touch)
contagiously adv.传染地
contagious laughter /enthusiasm 感染旁人的笑容/热情
Yawaning is contagious. 打哈欠是会传染的
9. entangle
v.缠住；使卷入；连累 *en(=make)
My fishing line got entangled in weeds. 我的钧鱼线被杂草缠住了。
10. entanglement
n.纠缠；(pl.)（阻止敌人前进的）铁丝网 *en(=make)
entanglements with rogues 和无赖纠缠
emotional entanglement 感情的纠缠
11. tangle
n.（线、毛等）纠结，纠缠，混乱状态
v.使缠结，纠缠；使混乱；(~with)和某人争论，吵架
make a tangle of my ball of wool 使我的毛线团缠在一起
tangled hair 乱糟糟的头发
12. tangent
n.[数]切线，正切（在数学公式中tangent 简写为tg）
go /fly off at a tangent 突然离开原来的思路；突然离题
13. tact
n.机智，机敏；教练
tactless adj.不机智的；不教练的；笨拙的
have great tact in dealing with people 在和人打交道方面很有一套。
14. tactful
adj.有才智的，机智的，机敏的；老练的
tactfully adv.机智地
15. tactics
n.(sing.)战术，兵法；(pl.)策略，手法
air tactics 空中战术
grand /minor tactics 高级/初级战术
win by surprise tactics 出奇制胜
16. tactical
adj.战术的；作战的；善于用策略的
tactically adv.战术性地
tactician n.战术家，兵法家；谋士
the Tactical Air command 战略空军词令部（缩写：TAC）
tactical unit 作战部队
tactical nuclear force/command ship 战术力量/战术指挥舰
tactical target /weapon 战备目标/战略武器
tactical error 战略错误
17. tactile
adj.触觉的；可触知的
tactile organ /reflex 触觉器官/反射
18. contact
n. 接触，联系，联络；熟人
v.（和某人）接触，联系
19. intact
adj.原封不动的，未受损伤的，完整无缺的（未经接触的-->完整） *in(=not)
He lived on the interest and kept his capital intact. 他不动本金，只靠利息维持生计。
20. attain
v.达到；成就；得到（用手碰到目标物）《at- = ad- = to》
attainment n.达到；(pl.)学识
21. attaint
v.羞辱；丧失公民权利或财产 n.污点（接触病菌、污物）
22. taint
v.受感染；腐败 n.污点；腐败；堕落
23. integer
n.整数；整体（没有被碰触-->没有被损坏）
integral adj.必要的；整数的；积分的 n.整数；积分；完整物
integrant adj.构成整体的 n.成分
24. integrate
v.使完全；求 ~ 之积分
integration n.完成；积分法
integratity n.正直；完整
词根词缀：gel-, gela-, gelati-, gelatino-, geli-, gelo-
【来源及含义】Latin: to freeze; frosting; cold; then, to congeal, and finally: gelatin
【相关描述】Later it came to mean "to congeal"; having to do with "congealing" or with "gelatin, a protein derived from the partial hydrolysis of animal skin, connective tissue, and bone".
Don't confuse words from this Latin element with those from Greek gelo-, geloto-, meaning "laugh, laughing, laughter".
【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families that are related directly or indirectly to "winter, freezing, frost, and/or cold": algid- (cold, chilly); cheimo-, chimo- (winter, cold); crymo-, krymo- (cold, chill, frost); cryo-, kryo-; (cold, freezing); hiber- (winter, wintry); pago- (cold, freezing); psychro- (cold); rhigo- (cold, frost; shiver).
【同源单词】aerogel, gel, gelase, gelasis, gelate, gelatification
词根词缀：gelo-, geloto-
【来源及含义】Greek: laugh, laughter, laughing
【相关描述】Don't confuse words from this Greek element with those from Latin gel-, gelat-, gelati-, meaning "freeze; congeal; gelatin".
For other laugh, laughter words, click on this cachinnate link.
【同源单词】agelast, dacrygelosis, gelasmus, gelastic, gelastic epilepsy, gelatologist
词根词缀：massac-
【来源及含义】Latin > French: wholesale slaughter, carnage; slaughterhouse, butchery
【同源单词】massacre, massacre, massacred, massacrer
词根词缀：phon-, phono-
【来源及含义】Greek: (classic and modern) phono, phonos; slaughter, kill, murder, homicide
【相关描述】Don't confuse this phono-, phon- with another phono-, phon-, etc. that means "sound, voice, speech". In Greek, a distinction is made between the phonos (PHOH nohs), "murder", which is spelled with the letter omicron in the last syllable; and the Greek phonos (phoh NOHS), "voice", which is spelled with the letter omega in the last syllable. Both omicron and omega became the letter "o" in English.
【相关词根词缀】 Related "death, dead; kill" units: -cide; lethal-; mort-; neci-; necro-; thanato-.
【同源单词】androphonomania, Androphonos, autophonomania, buphonia, phonomania, phonos
词根词缀：phon-, phono-, -phone, -phonia, -phonic, -phonetic, -phonous, -phonically, -phonetically, -phony
【来源及含义】Greek: sound, voice, speech, tone
【相关描述】This phono-, phon- should not be confused with another phono-, phon- that means "slaughter, murder, homicide". In Greek, a distinction is made between the phonos (PHOH nohs), "murder", which is spelled with the Greek letter omicron in the last syllable; and the Greek phonos (phoh NOHS), "voice", which is spelled with the letter omega in the last syllable. Both omicron and omega became the letter "o" in English.
【相关词根词缀】Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "talk, speak, speech; words, language; tongue, etc.": cit-; clam-; dic-; fa-; -farious; glosso-; glotto-; lalo-; linguo-; locu-; logo-; loqu-; mythico-; -ology; ora-; -phasia; -phemia; phras-; Quotes: Language,Part 1; Quotes: Language, Part 2; Quotes: Language, Part 3; serm-; tongue; voc-.
【同源单词】acouophone, acouophonia, acrophonetic, acrophonic, acrophony, actinophone
词根词缀：rid-, ridi-, risi-
【来源及含义】Latin: to laugh, laugh at; capable of exciting laughter; laughing
【同源单词】deride, derider, deridingly, derision, derisive, derisively