词根：fil = thread（线）, to spin（纺织）, foul（脏）
来源于拉丁语的filum(=thread,to spin)。
同源词：
1. defile [使变得非常脏de(=intensive)+fil(=foul)]
n. 小路；峡道（从山上开出来的路，远远看去就像一条线似的）
vt. 弄脏；亵渎
defilement n.弄脏
The mountain steam was defiled by the town's raw sewage. 该市未经处理的污水污染了山上流下来的溪水。
2. filament
n.细丝；单纤维；（雄蕊的）花丝；（电灯泡、电子管的）灯丝 *fil(= thread)
filamentous adj.丝状的
3. filature
n.缨丝；缫丝厂 *fil(=thread)
4. file
n.文件夹；档案；（排队的人、物的）列以锉；存档；捧成纵列行进；提出（申请、抗议等）；提起（诉讼）*fil(=thread)
file cabinet 文件柜
file numbef 文档嫡号
file punch 文件穿孔器
on file 存档
in single file 成一列纵队
the rank and file 普通士兵；庶民
file suit for a divorce 提起离婚诉讼
5. filings
n.锉屑 *fil(=thread)
6. fillet
n.（用做装饰的）带子；（去掉骨头的）肉片，鱼片以把（鱼、肉）切成片 fil(= thread)
filleted plaice 切成片的镰鱼
7. profile
n. 人物简介；侧影，侧面；轮廓 v. 画出…的轮廓；勾画侧面图；写人物简介 *pro(=before),fil(=thread)
portrait drawn in profile 侧影肖像
line of hills profiled against the night sky 以夜空为背景的山的轮廓
8. filth
n.污物，肮脏；淫猥 *fil(= foul)
9. filthy
adj.肮脏的；淫猥的 *fil(= foul)
filthy lucre 肮脏的钱财
10. filiform确良[fil 线，-i- 中缀，form 形状]
adj. 丝状的；花丝的；如丝的
11. unifilar [uni 单一，fil 线，后缀-ar ...的]
adj.单线的
词根：fil, fili = thread表示“线条”
filament n. 细线（fila+ment）
filigree n. 金银细工（fili+gree[=grain颗粒]→金属的颗粒和线条串成一起→金银细工）
filibuster v. n.故意阻癌（fili+buster阻挡→用线档住→阻碍）
profile n. 外形，轮廊（pro在前面+file→在前面的线条→轮廊）
file n. 行列；档案
filar a. 线状的
词根：fil 线
filar [fil线，-ar形容词后缀，…的] 线的，线状的，如丝的
filament [fil线，-a-，-ment名词后缀] 细线，丝，线状物
filamentary [见上，-ary形容词后缀，…的] 细线的，细丝的，纤维的
filamentous [见上，-ous形容词后缀，…的] 如丝的，纤维的
file [fil线，’人或物排列成一条线”] 行列，纵列
defile [de-加强意义，fil线→行列] 纵列行军，单列前进
profile [pro-向前，fil线→线条;’用线条勾画”] 描画…的轮廓，外形，轮廓，侧面像
filiform [fil线，-i-，-form如…形状的] 线状的，丝状的
后缀：-ation [名词后缀]
1、表示行为、情况、状态
interpretation 翻译，解释
excitation 兴奋，激动，刺激，激励
exploitation 剥削
starvation 饥饿
preparation 准备
relaxation 松弛，缓和
invitation 邀请
colouration 色彩，特色
continuation 延续，继续
forestation 造林
ruination 毁灭，毁坏
conservation 保存，保护
lamentation 悲伤
importation 输入，进口
exportation 输出，出口
2、表示行为的过程、结果、或由行为而产生的事物
information 通知，消息
reformation 改革
combination 结合，联合
imagination 想象
quotation 引文，引语
explanation 说明，解释
declaration 宣言，声明
limitation 限制
occupation 占领，占据
exclaimation 感叹词
词根词缀：cirro-, cirr-, cirri-
【来源及含义】Latin: curl, ringlet; tuft of hair, fringe; by extension, filament, tendril
【相关词根词缀】 Links to other hair-related units: alopec-; barba-; Beards; capillaro-; chaeto-; coife; crino-; Hair & Beard Styles; hirsute; pilo-; pogo-; tricho-; villi-.
【同源单词】cirrose, cirrous, cirrus, cirrus spissatus
词根词缀：fabrillo-, fibrill-, fibrilo-, fibril-
【来源及含义】Latin: small fiber or filament
【同源单词】atrial fibrillation, defibrillate, defibrillation, defibrillator, fibrilla, fibrillar
词根词缀：febril-, febrill-
【来源及含义】Latin: a minute fiber or filament; often a component of a compound fiber
【同源单词】defibrillate, defibrillation, defibrillator, fibril, fibrilla, fibrillar
词根词缀：filo-, fil-, filari-
【来源及含义】Latin: thread, string
【同源单词】defile, fila radicularia nervorum spinalium, filaceous, filament, filamentous, filar
词根词缀：lugubri-, lugubr-
【来源及含义】Latin: pertaining to mourning, mournful, painful; lament, bewail
【同源单词】lugubriosity, lugubrious, lugubriousness
词根词缀：-ment
【来源及含义】Latin: a suffix; result of, means of, act of; place of action
【相关描述】The suffix -meant is a final word element derived through Middle English and French from the Latin suffix -ment(um), originally used to form agent and action nouns from verbs, now used to form nouns and denominative verbs in several related senses:
The verb combinations show no change in basic form: cement, compliment, lament.
Principal parts: -menting, -mented, -mented.
Related forms: -mentum (singular); -menta, -menti, -ments (plurals).
【同源单词】abolishment, abridgment, accompaniment, accomplishment, accouterment, achievement