词根:fil = thread(线), to spin(纺织), foul(脏)
来源于拉丁语的filum(=thread,to spin)。
同源词:
1. defile [使变得非常脏de(=intensive)+fil(=foul)]
n. 小路;峡道(从山上开出来的路,远远看去就像一条线似的)
vt. 弄脏;亵渎
defilement n.弄脏
The mountain steam was defiled by the town's raw sewage. 该市未经处理的污水污染了山上流下来的溪水。
2. filament
n.细丝;单纤维;(雄蕊的)花丝;(电灯泡、电子管的)灯丝 *fil(= thread)
filamentous adj.丝状的
3. filature
n.缨丝;缫丝厂 *fil(=thread)
4. file
n.文件夹;档案;(排队的人、物的)列以锉;存档;捧成纵列行进;提出(申请、抗议等);提起(诉讼)*fil(=thread)
file cabinet 文件柜
file numbef 文档嫡号
file punch 文件穿孔器
on file 存档
in single file 成一列纵队
the rank and file 普通士兵;庶民
file suit for a divorce 提起离婚诉讼
5. filings
n.锉屑 *fil(=thread)
6. fillet
n.(用做装饰的)带子;(去掉骨头的)肉片,鱼片以把(鱼、肉)切成片 fil(= thread)
filleted plaice 切成片的镰鱼
7. profile
n. 人物简介;侧影,侧面;轮廓 v. 画出…的轮廓;勾画侧面图;写人物简介 *pro(=before),fil(=thread)
portrait drawn in profile 侧影肖像
line of hills profiled against the night sky 以夜空为背景的山的轮廓
8. filth
n.污物,肮脏;淫猥 *fil(= foul)
9. filthy
adj.肮脏的;淫猥的 *fil(= foul)
filthy lucre 肮脏的钱财
10. filiform确良[fil 线,-i- 中缀,form 形状]
adj. 丝状的;花丝的;如丝的
11. unifilar [uni 单一,fil 线,后缀-ar ...的]
adj.单线的
词根:ject, jac(jet) = to throw(投掷, 扔)
这二个词根都来源拉丁语 jacere 投掷,它们属于一对同源异形根,词根jac是此词的不定式词干,在英语中的派生词较少;词根ject是此词的动名词词干,有较强的孳生能力;jet是他们的变形,同义词根还有来源于希腊语的bol(bl,bal)和来源于拉丁语的lanc/launc,sip等。
同源词:
1. abject [扔掉使脱离某物的ab(=from)+ject(=throw)]
adj.悲惨的;糟透的;卑劣的;自卑的
abjection n. 落魄;屈辱;羞辱
abjectly adv. 悲惨地;卑劣地
The prisoner of war was kept in abject circumstances. 战俘被关押在恶劣的环境中。
2. adjacent [扔得很近的ad(=to,near) +jac(=throw)]
adj. 邻近的;相邻的
adjacency n. 邻近
The chicken restaurant is adjacent to the dry cleaners. 那家鸡肉馆挨着干洗店。
3. conjecture [带着某物扔con<com(=with)+ject(=throw),共同投掷 → 将两者并列加以推量比较]
n. 猜测,推测; 臆测 v. 猜测,推测
conjectural adj.猜测的,推测的
Without any scientific data, the best he could do was conjecture . 由于没有任何科学资料,他至多只能推测。
3. eject [向外扔e<ex(=out) +ject(=throw),向外扔出去]
vt. 逐出,驱逐;喷射(液体等),吐出
ejection n. 逐出;排出
ejector n. 驱逐者;喷射嚣
After committing 5 fouls,a basketball player is ejected from the game. 篮球选手犯规五次就要被罚下赛场。
4. adjective
n.形容词 *ad(=add,near)
5. deject
n. 使灰心 *de(=down)
dejected adj. 灰心的,气馁的 *
6. dejection [de-后缀表示离开,ject(=throw), -tion 名词后缀,→心被扔出去了 → 心从我的身上离开了 → 一下子没有了信心]
n. 灰心
7. ejaculate [*e<ex(=out)出,离开,jac <ject(=throw),-ate(ulate可以看作-ate护展后缀)动词后缀]
v.突然说出(或喊出);射出(液体)
elaculatlon n.突然的喊出或说出;射出
8. inject [in(=into)入,进入,里面,ject(=throw)扔,→ 把东西扔进 → 把液体扔进身体里→]
v.注射(液体、药等);注入
inject penicillin into the blood-stream 往血液里注射青霉素
inject new life into the committee 给委员会注入新的活力
9. injection [见上,-tion名词后缀]
n. 注射;注入
five injections of glucose 五支葡萄糖的注射
an injection in the left buttock 在左边臀部的注射
fuel injeciion 燃料的注入
9. interject [*inter(=between)在...之间,ject 扔 → 某某在交流时把话扔向他们打断他们的交流 →]
n.突然插话
10. jettison
v. 投弁(指紧急情况时为减轻船的负载把货物抛弃);抛弃
Jettison an unpleasant passenger 丢下令人不快的乘客
11. jetty
n.防波堤;码头
12. objective
adj.客观的 n.目的 *ob(=to,toward)
objectively adv. 客观地
13. object
n.物体;目标;目的(被掷于眼前的东西)ob(=berfore)
14. object
v.反对;拒绝(投向反对者)
objection n. 反对;异议
objective n. 目标;实体 adj. 实在的;客观的;目标的
objectivity n. 客观性
15. project
v.计划;设计;投影;突出
n.计划;提案;事业(投掷到前方)《pro- = forward》
16. projectile
n.抛射物;发射体 adj. 投射的;发射的
projector n.发起人;设计师;放映师;放映机
17. reject
v.拒绝;驳回;舍弃(投掷回来)《re- = back》
rejection n. 拒绝;排泄物
18. subject
v. 使服从;使蒙受;使罹患
adj. 从属的;受支配的;容易罹患...的
n.国民;主词;主题;科目(投身于...之下)《sub- = under》
subjection n. 隶属;从属;服从
subjective adj. 主观的;主格的 n.主格
19. trajectory
n.弹道;抛物线(由一端把投到另一端的线路)《tra- = trans- = across》
20. subjacent
adj.低下的;下层的(被投往下面)《sub- = under》
词根词缀:obscen-
【来源及含义】Latin: offensive, disgusting, foul, loathsome, repulsive
【相关描述】Etymology is of obscenus is unknown. There is no authoritative agreement as to the true origin of this Latin element.
【同源单词】antiobscenity, nonobscene, obscene, obscenely, obsceneness, obscenities
词根词缀:rancid-
【来源及含义】Latin: stinking, offensive; spoiled, rotten; foul smelling, disgusting
【同源单词】rancid, rancidification, rancidify, rancidity, rancidly, rancidness
词根词缀:sord-
【来源及含义】Latin: sordidus, dirty, foul, filthy, squalid; dirt, filth; related to sordes, "dirt"
【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "land, ground, fields, soil, dirt, mud, clay, earth (world)": agra-; agrest-; agri-; agro-; argill-; choro-; chthon-; epeiro-; geo-; glob-; lut-; myso-; pedo-; pel-; rhyp-; soil-; terr-.
【同源单词】sordes, sordes gastricae, sordid, sordidly, sordidness
词根词缀:spurci-
【来源及含义】Latin: dirty, foul, impure; spurcus, spurcitia
【同源单词】spurcidical, spurcitious, spurcity
词根词缀:turpit-
【来源及含义】Latin: disgraceful, depravity, infamy; from turpis, ugly, unsightly, unseemly; disgraceful, shameful, infamous, foul
【同源单词】moral inturpitude, moral turpitude, Nemo tenetur jurare in suam turpitudinem, turpis, turpis causa, turpis contractus