词根：dic, dict = say, assert, allot 说话, 断言, 分派
词根dic 是拉丁动词dicere 的不定式词干，dict 是动名词词干，意为to say ,to declare,to allot（此含义较少用）,to assert等。有时“c”（k）不发音，同义词根有来源于拉丁语的fa/fam/fess,locut/loqu,nounc/nunci,or,parl,来源于希腊语的phras,pha/phe/phu 等。
说文解字：在dictionary （词典）一词中包含着一个重要的词根dic,意思是“to say （说）”，来自拉丁语的dictum ,可追溯到原始印欧语根 *deik-,最原始的含义是“手指”，做动词的话就是“用手指指”，所以dict 最初的含义是“指着说”。由此构成的单词diction 指“措词，用词”，即“说的艺术”，所以dictionary 表示“收录词的各种用法的书”，也就是“词典”。
contradict 由contr- (=against) 与dict 构成，字面含义是“反对别人所说的话，以言相抗”，也就是“否定，反驳”。单词digit （手指或脚趾）也来源于此，古人数数用手指来计算，人们便赋予digit “数字”这层含义了。随着科学技术的发展，琳琅满目的数码产品（digital products）充斥着我们的生活。当字母d换成t之后，就演变出了teach （教）这个单词；还有一个同源词token,“记号，象征”的意思，它的原始含义也是“教”。从词源来看，“教”的意思就是通过信号或符号引起别人对事物、人物、观察和研究的结果等做出反应。
1. abdicate [ab 离开 + dic 说，命令 + -ate 动词后缀 →不再命令→退位]
vi.from + sth 退出
vt.放弃（权力等）;退（位）；辞职
Despite the scandal．the mayor did not abdicate his office.（尽管发生了丑闻，市长却没有辞职。）
2. contradict [contra相反，dict言；说出“相反之言”]
n.反驳，同…相矛盾，与…相抵触
in contradiction to 与...相反
3. contradiction [见上，-ion名词后缀]
n.矛盾，抵触，对立
4. contradictory [contra(=against)，-ory形容词后缀，…的]
adj.矛盾的，对立的
contradictory statements/reports 矛盾的陈述/报道
5. dictate [dict言，说→吩咐，命令，指示，-ate动词后缀；“口授命令或指示”]
v. 口述而令别人记录，使听写，命令，支配 n.(pl.) 指示，命令
6. dictation [见上，-ion名词后缀]
n.口授，命令，支配，口述，听写
7. dictator [见上，-or者；“口授命令者”→支配者，掌权者]
n.独裁者，专政者，口授者
8. dictatorial [见上，-ial形容词后缀，…的]
adj. 专政的，独裁的;专横的
dictatorial government 独裁政府
dictatorial manner 专横的态度
9. dictatorship [见上，-ship名词后缀]
n.专政，独裁
military/Fascist dictatorship 军事独裁/法西斯独裁
10. predict [pre-前，先，预先，dict言]
n.预言，预告
11. predicate
n.[语]谓语 v. 断言，断定 *pre(=before)
prediction [见上，-ion名词后缀] n.预言，预告
12. predicament [pre 预先+dica 命令+ment→预先命令做→进入危境]
n.困境
The world is in a real predicament with the proliferation of nuclear weapons. 世界因核武器扩散而陷入困境。
13. predictable [见上，-able形容词后缀，可…的]
adj.可预言的，可预报的
unpredictable adj.不可预知的
14. malediction [male-恶，坏，dict言，-ion名词后缀；“恶言”]
n.咒骂，诽谤
Heaping maledictions upon her ex-husband,she stormed from the room. 她一边咒骂着前夫，一边冲出房间。
15. maledictory [见上，-ory形容词后缀，…的] 咒骂的
16. benediction [bene-好，dict言词，-ion名词后缀；“好的言词”]
n.祝福;（礼拜结束时的）赐福祈祷；（饭前或饭后的）感恩祷告
17. benedictory [见上，-ory形容词后缀，…的]
adj.祝福的
18. indicate [in-表示at，dic言，说→说明，表明，表示，-ate动词后缀]
v.指示，指出，表明
19. indication [见上，-ion名词后缀]
adj.指示，指出，表示
20. indicator [见上，-or表示人或物]
n.指示者，指示器;指针
21. indicative [在里边的in(=in,to) +dic(=say)，-ive形容词后缀，…的]
adj.指示的，表示的
The white color of the dog's gums is indicative of a circulatory problem. 狗的牙齿发白，说明循环系统有问题。
22. dictionary [dict言，词，diction措词，-ary名词后缀，表示物；“关于措词的书”]
n.字典，词典
23. diction [dict言，词，-ion名词后缀]
n.措词，词令
24. dictum [dict言，词，-um名词后缀]
n. 格言，名言
25. dictaphone[dict言，说，-a-连接字母，phone声音，电话] 口述录音机，录音电话机
26. indict [in-表示on，upon，against，dict言，诉说]
v.控告，告发，对…起诉
27. indictment[见上，-ment名词后缀]
n. 控告，起诉，起诉书
indict v. 起诉，控告
indictable adj.应予以指控的；（罪等）可能招致起诉的
The financier was deeply depressed after his indictment.（那位金融家被起诉后变得非常消沉。）
28. indictor [见上，-or表示人，主动者]
n. 原告，起诉者（亦作indicter）
29. indictee [见上，-ee表示人，被动者]
n. 被告，被起诉者
30. interdict [inter-中间，dict言；“从中插言”→使停止]
v. 以禁令禁止 n.（法庭或官吏作出的）禁令
31. interdiction [见上，-ion名词后缀]
n.制止，禁止
32. interdictory [见上，-ory形容词后缀，…的]
adj.制止的，禁止的
33. verdict [ver=very真正的，绝对的，恰好的，dict言]
n.裁决，判决，定论
a verdict of guilty／not guiIty（（陪审团）判决有罪／无罪）
34. vindicate (vin 力量+dic 说+ate→用力量说→拥护)[使有力地说vin(=torce)+dic(=say)
vt.证明…正确，证明…无辜；维护
vindication n.证明无罪；辩护
Various GAO studies have vindicated the new welfare reform laws.（美国总审计局的各种研究证明了新福利法修正棠的正确性。）
vindictive adj. (vin 力量+dict 说+ive)有报复心的
35. jurisdiction (juris 司法+dict+ion→说法律的→司法权) [法律说iur(=law, swear)+dict(=say) + -tion名词后缀]
n.司法权，裁判权；管辖权；管辖区域
jurisdictional adj.司法权的，裁判权的；管辖（权）的
Does this case have state or federal jurisdiction ? 该案件属州法院管辖还是属于联邦法院管辖？
36. edict [c-外，出，dict言，词→指示；“统治者发出的话，“当局发出的指示”] [大声说出e<ex(=out) +dict(=say)]
n.朋．敕令；布告；命令，法令
Historically, royal edicts had to be obeyed by a monarch's subjects.（历史上，臣民．必须服从君主的命令。）
37. addict(ad 一再+dict 说→说了还说→耽溺) *ad(=ad,to)
v.使沉溺，使上瘾;使热衷于 adj.有瘾的人
addiction n. 耽溺，嗜好 (addict+ion)
addictive adj.使人上瘾的
drug addict 吸毒者；瘾君子
He is addicted to alcohol/smoking /lying /study /drugs. 他是个喝酒成瘾的人/烟鬼/常说谎的人/书呆子/药物上瘾的人。
38. dedicate (de 加强+dic 说+ate→再说→努力献身)
v. 献身(to);以...奉献，以...供奉；（给著作）题献词
dedicated adj.献身的,一心一意的
39. dictum [dict+um→说[出]的话→格言]
n. 正式声明，格言，警句；权威意见
40. predicatory
adj.传道的
41. syndicate
n.辛迪加，企业联合组织 *syn(=together)
42. valediction (vale 再见+dict + -ion →说再见)
n. 告别赠言
valedictory adj.告别的 *val(=worth)
valedictory speech 告别演说
43. valedictorian
n.（毕业典礼时）致告别辞的学生代表 *val(=worth)
44. vindictive
adj.以怀恨在心的，有报复心的 *vin(=force)
45. indite (in 进入dite[=dict]→说进去→写进，写作)
v. 撰写，写作
词根词缀：gehenna-
【来源及含义】Hebrew > Greek > Latin: hell or hellfire
【相关描述】Moloch [MOH luhk] or Molech (Hebrew, melech: king). He was the god of the Ammonites, to whom children were made "to pass through the fire" as sacrifices. Children were dedicated ("passed over") and burned to Molech at the Tophet in the Valley of Hinnom near Jerusalem.
During the monarchical period of the Hebrews, the site was an infamous high place (called "topheth" and derived from an Aramaic word meaning "fireplace"), where some of the kings of Judah engaged in forbidden religious practices, including human sacrifice by fire; as mentioned earlier.
Probably because of these associations with fiery destruction and judgment, the word "Gehenna" came to be used metaphorically as a designation for hell or eternal damnation. As such, Gehenna is to be distinguished from Hades, which is either the bode of all the dead in general or the place where the wicked await the final judgment. In the New Testament, Gehenna designates the place or state of the final punishment of the wicked. It is variously described as a fiery furnace, an unquenchable fire, or an eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels.
【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly, indirectly, or partly to: "fire, burn, glow, or ashes": ars-, ard-; -bust; cand-, cend-; caust-, caut-; crema-; ciner-; ether-; flagr-; flam-; focus, foci-; fulg-; ign-; phleg-; phlog-; pyreto-, -pyrexia; pyr-; spod- (ashes; waste); volcan-.
【同源单词】gehenna, gehenne, gehennical
词根词缀：scrib-, script-, -scribe, -scription, -scriptive
【来源及含义】Latin: write, record
【相关描述】Writing has not always been available to the "common person". It was restricted only to the few who were educated especially for that purpose either as scribes or monks who dedicated their lives to this vocation. You can learn more about the ancient Egyptian scribes in this unit.
【相关词根词缀】Related "writing" units:
glypto-;
gram-;
graph-.
【同源单词】adscript, antescript, ascribable, ascribe, ascript, ascription