词根:ducc, duc, duct(du) = to lead(引导)
来源于拉丁语的ducere 意为to lead,这对词根的孳生能力很强,其同族词不下百个。du 是它们的变形。同义词根有来源于拉丁语的men(mean)和来源于希腊语的agog。此外,还有意为to drive 的来源于拉丁语的词根ag/ig/act,flig,pel/puls(peal)等。
1. abduct [拉向远处ab(=away)+duct(=lead)]
vt.诱拐(女子或孩子);绑架
n. abduction诱拐
n. abductor诱拐者
The robber decided to abduct a hostage.(强盗决定绑榘一名人质)
2. conducive [一起、一块拉的con<com(=together)+duc(=lead)]
adj.有助于…的,有利的
conduce v.有助于,有利于
The excessive cold in the classroom is not conducive to learning. 教室太冷会不利于学习。
3. induce [向里拉in(=in, into) +duc(=lead)]
v. 引起,诱发;劝诱;[逻]归纳;[医]用人工方法引导
iriducement n. 劝诱
Doctors often induce labor in pregnant women with powerful drugs.(医生常常使用强效药来为孕妇引产)
4. traduce [拉过头、拉偏C~ tra<trans ( = over, across) + duc ( = lead)]
vt.中伤,诽谤
traducer n.诽谤者
Stars are used to seeing their names traduced in the tabloids.(看见小报中伤自己的名誉,明星们已经习以为常了。)
5. aqueduct
n.沟渠;导水管,水道 *aqu(=water)
6. conduction
n.(电流、热等的)传导 *con<com(=together)
conduct v. 传导;引导;指挥
conductive adj.传导的
7. conductor
n.指挥家;列车长;(电流、热等的)导体 *con<com(=together)
conductress n. 女车长
semiconductor n. 半导体
8. deduct
n. 扣除,减除 *de(=down)
deduct 1O% from the salary(从工资里扣除10%)
9. deductible
adj.可扣除的;可减免的 *de(=down)
deductible tax (可减免的税款)
10. deduction
n.扣除(额),减除(额);推论;演绎 *de(=down)
deductions from pay for insurance and pension(从薪水里扣除一部分作为保险费和退休金)
11. deductive
adj. 推论的;演绎的 *de(=down)
deductive method(演绎法)
12. ductile
adj.(金属)叮延展的;易教导的;顺从的 *ile(=capable of)
ductility n.(金属的)可延展性;(人等的)可塑性
inductile adj. 无延展性的:难以教导的
13. induct
v. 使(正式)就任;吸收为会员;使入门;【逻】归纳;引导 *in(=into)
14. induction
n. (正式)就职;入门;人会;归纳(法);诱导 *in(=into)
induction course(入门课程)
induction ceremony(入会仪式,如加入Phi Beta Kappa (美国大学优等生和毕业生的荣誉组织)等在全国拥有最高权威的优秀学会的仪式
15. inductive
adj.归纳的;诱导性的 *in(=into)
inductive method 归纳法
16. Introduction
n.介绍;引进;绪论,前言;初级读物 *intro (=within)
17. introductory
adj.介绍性的;前言的;初步的 *intro (=within)
introductory remarks 前言,序言
introductory chapter 续篇
18. oviduct
n.输卵管 *ovi(=egg)
19. product
n. 产物;产品;产量;结果 *pro(=forth)
agricultural/marine/forest products 农/海/林产品
gross national product (GNP)(国民生产总值)
20. production
n.生产;产量;作品 *pro(=forth)
mass production(大量生产)
production line(生产线)
21. productive
adj. 多产的;生产性的;肥沃的;造成某种结果的(of) *pro(=forth)
productive writer(多产作家)
productive of happiness(带来幸福的)
22. productivity
n.生产率,生产力 *pro(=forth)
productivity movement(提高生产率运动)
labor productivity(劳动生产串)
23. seduction
adj.教唆,诱惑,勾引;魅力;富有魅力的事物,诱惑韧 *se(=apart)
seductions of suburban life(郊外生活的吸引力)
24. seductive
adj. 污惑的;富有魅力的,诱人的
seductive smiles(富有魅力的徽笑)
seductive offer(谤人的提议)
25. reduction
n. 减少,削减,缩小 *r(=back)
price reduction(减价)
26. viaduct
n.高架桥;高架道路 *via(=way)
27. adduce
v.(作为证据、示例)引用,举出,引证 *ad(=to)
adduce proof /reasons/authority 举出证据/举出理由/引用权威的典籍
28. deduce
v. 演绎,推论 *de(=down)
29. deducibie
n. 演绎,推论 *de(=down)
30. Duce
n. 首领,元首(特指意大利法西斯时期对墨索里尼的称呼)
31. education
duke(公爵)dukedom(公爵领地)duchess(公舟夫人) duchy(公爵领地;公国)
32. educator
n. 教育家;有教育工作者 *e<ex(=out)
co-education 男女同学(制)
33. educational
adj.教育的;有教育意义的 *e<ex(=out)
educational film(教育电影)educational work(教育工作)
34. educe
v. 引出;使显现出(潜在的能力或性格) *e<ex(=ojut)
35. introduce
v. 提出(议案、话题等);采用;(向某人)介绍…,(特指正式地向某人)引见…*intro(=within)
introduce a bill into congress(向议会提交法案)
Potatoes were introduced into Europe from America. 马铃薯是从美洲引入欧洲的。
36. produce
v.引起,招致;制造,生产;制作;创作;安排上海;出版;拿出,出示
n.产品;[总称]农产品;产量 *pro(=forth,forward)
film that produced a sensation 引起很大反响的电影
produce a new play 上演一部新剧
a well-produced book 一本印制得很好的书
词根:dot, don(dow, dos), dat(dit) = to give(给)
词根来源于拉丁语的donare,donum 意为to give。dow,dos 是其变形。此外,与此相似的还有dat及其变形dit。
同源词:
1. anecdote(不向外给予an(=not) + ec<ex(=out) + dot(=give))
n.轶事,奇闻;(pl.)秘史
Many public speakers begin their address with an amusing anecdote. 许多演说家都是以趣闻轶事开始演说的。
2. condone(完全给予 con<com(=intensive,completely) + don(=give))
vt.原谅,宽恕;不咎(过错)
condonation n.宽恕;不咎(过错)
In some countries,spousal physical abuse is condoned. 有些国家容许对配偶身体的虐待行为。
3. endow(向里边给予 en(=in) + dow<don(=give))
vt.sb + with + sth (向医院、学校等)捐赠;(天生)赋有(某种资质)
endowment n.捐赠,捐助(款);(pl.)天赋,天资
The business tycoon endowed a professorship in the university's business school. 那位商业大亨向该大学商学院捐赠了教授基金。
4. render (还给 ren<re(=back) + der<der(=give))
vt.使...成为;以...回报;提出,提供,交付;演出,演奏;翻译;表达,描写
rendition n.翻译;演出,演奏
rendering n.翻译;演出,演奏
A tranquilizer dart rendered the lion harmless. 狮子中了麻醉针剂后就不会伤人了。
5. antidote
n.解毒剂;矫正方法 *anti(=against)
6. donate
v.捐赠
7. donation
n.捐献,捐赠,赠与;捐款;捐赠品
donations to the Red Cross 给红十字会的捐款
8. donor
n.捐赠者
blood donor 献血者
9. pardon
v./n.原谅,宽恕;赦免 *par<per(=completely)(完全给予)
10. dowager
n.受有亡夫爵位(或遗产)的寡妇;老年贵妇人
dowager duchess 公爵遗孀
queen dowager 国王遗孀
Empress Dowager Shih (中国清朝的)西太后
11. dower
n.(寡妇应当分得的)亡夫遗产;嫁妆;天赋,天资
v.给...亡夫遗产;赋予(才能等)
12. dowry
n.嫁妆;天才
13. dose
n.(药物等的)(一次)剂量一服;<口>(尤其指苦事的)一次,一番;<俚>花柳病 v.(按剂量)给...服药 (给予药品)
six doses 服用六次的药量
give him a dose 给他服一剂药
14. dosage
n.(药的)剂量;(按剂量的)给药
15. antedate
v.倒填(在信件、文件等的)日期;(时间上)先发生 *ante(=before)
16. postdate
v.(在信件、文件等上)写上比实际日期晚的日期;(时间上)后于 *post(=after)
17. predate
v.(=antedate) *pre(=before)
18. data
n.资料,材料;数据
data bank 数据库
data processing 数据处理
19. date
n.日期;(尤其指与异性的)约会;时代,年代;约会对象;海枣;枣椰树
v.在...上注明日期;源自;(~ from/back to )追溯至...;与...约会
dated adj.过时的
datable adj.可确定年代的
dataless adj.无期限的;古老得无法确定日期的
date line 国际日期变更线
blind date 不相识的男女初次会面
The castle dates back to the 14th century. 那座城堡早在14世纪就建成了。
20. dative
adj.[语]与格的 n.与格
21. edit
v.编辑 *e<ex(=out)
22. edition
n.版本 *e<ex(=out)
cheap edition 廉价版
pocket edition 袖珍本
first edition 初版
revised edition 修订版
popular edition 普及版
deluxe edition 精装版
23. editor
n.(书、报纸、期刊、广播节目等的)编辑;(报刊的)主编;(报纸专栏)主笔 *e<ex(=out)
chief editor/editor-in-chief 总编辑,主编
city editor 本地新闻主编
financial editor 财经编辑
managing editor 总编辑
词根:pet (pit, peat) = to rush, to seek, to strive
来自拉丁语的pet 意为to rush,to seek,to strive,它的变形为pit,peat。
(*拉丁文petere (=to fly,to seek)——英文字根字典)
同源词:
1. impetus(在内部猛冲 im<in(=in) + pet(=rush))
n.推动力,促进;刺激
I don't think he has the impetus to complete in the 3-mile race.我认为他没有完成3公里赛跑的动力。
2. perpetual(一直寻找的per (=through,throughout) + pet(=seek,strive))
adj.永久的,永恒的;连续不断的
perpetuate v.使永远存在
perpetuity n.永远,不朽;终生养老金
perpetuation n. 永存,不朽
perpetually adv.永久地
Maintaining a state of perpetual inner peace is a truth seeker's goal. 永远保持内心的平静是真理追寻者的目标。
3. propitious(为事先求得、获得而费心思的 pro(=before,forward) + pit<pet (=seek))
adj.顺利的,形势有利的;慈悲的
Economic conditions are propitious for starting a new business now.现在的经济状况利于开展新的生意。
4. propitiate(事先求得 pro(=before) + pit<pet(=seek))
vt.劝解;安慰,抚慰;取悦
propitiation n.劝解;安慰
propitiatory adj.劝解的;安慰的
I propitiated my offended wife with gift of roses. 我用玫瑰作礼物取悦我生气的妻子。
5. impetuous
adj.激烈的,猛烈的;(言行)鲁莽的;冲动的 *im<in(=in),pet(=rush)
impetuosity n.激烈;鲁莽的言行
impetuous remarks 冲动的话
impetuous charge/gale 猛袭/狂风
6. petulant
adj. 性急的;易怒的;任性的 *pet(=rush)
petulance n.性急;任性 *pet(=rush)
7. appetite
n.食欲;欲求,欲望;爱好 *ap<ad(=to),pet(=seek)
appetizer n.开胃食品,开胃饮料(或酒)
have a big appetite 胃口大
appetite for power 权力欲
carnal/sexual appetite 性欲
8. appetizing
adj.美味可口的;促进食欲的 *ap<ad(=to),pet(seek)
appetizing smell from the kitchen 从厨房里飘来的诱人的香味
9. centripetal
adj.向心的 *centr(=center),pet(=seek)
centripetal force 向心力
10. compete
v.竞争;比赛;对抗 *com(=together),pet(=seek)
compete with/against others for a prize 和他人竞争奖项
compete with /against other countries in trade 和他国进行贸易战争
11. competence
n.胜任,能力;[律]权限 *com(=together),pet(=seek)
his competence in handling money 他掌管钱财的能力
12. competent
adj.(人)有能力的,胜任的;合格的;足够的;充足的 *com(=together),pet(=seek)
competent player 有能力的选手
competent knowledge of English 足够的英语知识
13. competition
n.竞争;(较量知识、力量等的)比赛 *com(=togehter),pet(=seek)
trade competition between countries 国家间的贸易竞争
keen competition for a job 激烈的求职竞争
boxing/chess competitions 拳击比赛/国际象棋比赛
14. competitive
adj.竞争的;比赛的;有竞争力的 *com(=togehter),pet(=seek)
competitive games 比赛
competitive prices 有竞争力的价格
competitive coexistence 竞争共存
15. competitor
n.竞争者,竞争对手 *com(=togehter),pet(=seek)
incompetence / incompetency n.不适当;无能力;无资格
incompetent to teach science 不适合当理科教师的
16. petition
n.请愿,恳求;申请;请愿书;(向法院递交的)诉状
v.向...请愿,恳求;申请 *pet(=seek)
petitioner n.请愿者;申请人;(特指)离婚诉讼的原告
petition to the king 上呈给国王的请愿书
petition of bankruptcy 破产申请
petition of appeal 起诉书
petition of revision 上诉状
the Petition of Right 权利请愿
17. repetition
n.重复,反复;背诵 *re(=again),pet(=seek)
repetitive /repetitious 重复的,反复性的
the repetitive work of a factory's production line 工厂生产线上的重复性的工作
after numerous repetitions 在反复多次之后
18. repeat
v./n.重复,反复 *re(=again),pet(=seek)
repeated adj.反复的,重复的,再三的
repeating adj.反复的;循环的;连发的
repeatedly adv.反复地,多次地
repeat performance 重演
词根词缀:-ess
【来源及含义】Greek -issa > Late Latin -issa > Old French -esse > Middle English -esse: a suffix that forms nouns meaning a female +++, as in lioness, tigress, heiress, hostess, and sculptress
【相关描述】When -ess is added to a noun ending in -tor, -ter, the vowel before r is generally elided (eliminated or left out), as in actress (actor + -ess); and such a derivative with the ending -tress (often equivalent to French ) is usually considered a reduced form of Latin -trix, -tricem and popularly regarded as the equivalent of -tor + -ess.
In Middle English many words in -esse were adopted from French; such as, countess, duchess, mistress, and princess, or formed on nouns in -er; such as, enchantress and sorceress.
The suffix -ess is diminishing from English usage, with trends or tendencies toward avoiding any unnecessary references to gender or sexual categorizing (feminine or masculine.
The suffixes -er and -or are no longer gender-specific in modern English: an author or manager, like a doctor or writer, may be male or female, so the words authoress and manageress are considered redundant.
Some -ess words remain in use; for example, heiress and actress, although actor is being used more often now for both men and women.
【同源单词】actress, adulteress, adventuress, ancestress, auditress, aviatress