词根:ven, vent = to come 来
在世界史上有很多有名的帝王将相留下的言语当时看起来没有什么,但是慢慢的就变成了非常有名的名言了,在外国里面其中一位就是恺撒大帝,他在泽拉战役中获胜后写给罗马元老院的著名捷报。用了三个双音节拉丁词汇即我来,我见,我征服(拉丁语:VENI VIDI VICI,国际音标:/weːniː wiːdiː wiːkiː/,在文法上,是三个动词:来、见、征服的第一人称完成式。
这是一段小故事,之所以今天在这里介绍是因为,里面包含了三个重要的词根,分别是ven,vid,vic,这三个词根的意思,在现代英语中仍然表示来、见、征服,由这三个词根组成的单词非常多,而且这由他们派生出来词汇也是经常
在考试中出现的。
词根ven来源于拉丁语 venire 的不定式词干,词根vent来源于venire的动名词词干,它们属于一对同源异形根,它们表示to com来或to happen 发生。
同源词:
1. dvent [靠近ad(=to,near)+vent(=come)]
n.到来;出现;(A ~)基督降临
The politician promised that his inauguration was the advent of a new era. 那位政治家承诺,他的就任将是一个新时代的到来。
2. adventitious [过来靠近的ad(=to,near)+vent(=come)]
adj. 偶然的:外来的
lt's difficult to know if certain personality traits are adventitious or genetically predetermined.人们很难得知某种性格特征是偶然形成的还是遗传所决定的。
3. convene [一起来con<com(=togethe) + ven(=come)]
vt. 召集;传唤 vi. 聚集,集会
convention n. 会议,大会;惯例
conventional adj.会议的;惯例的;传统的,因袭的;常见的
The chairman convened a city council meeting to decide on the controversy. 为了对这一争论作出决断,议长召集了市议会。
4. covenant [一起来co<com(=together) +ven(=come)]
n.(有法律约束力的)契约;盟约
On July 4th, 1776, fifty-six men meeting at Philadelphia made an historic covenant. 1776年7周4日,56人会集在费城,签订了历史性的盟约。
5. intervene [来到其间 inter(=between)+ven(=come)]
vi. in+sth介入;干预,干涉;仲裁
intervention n.调停,仲裁;干涉,介入
I try not to intervene in the disputes among my children. 我尽量不介入孩子之问的争吵。
6. supervene [从上往下来super(=over)+ven ( = come)]
v. 意外发生:伴随发生
Paul Enders was dying of AIDS, so his fatal automobile accident only supervened the virus' attenuations of his life. 因患有艾滋病,保罗·恩德斯已生命垂危,那场致命的车祸只不过是在艾滋病毒侵蚀他身体后接着发生而已。
7. adventure
n. 冒险(经历);投机活动;女冒险者 v. 冒险 *ad(=to)
adventurer n. 冒险家;投机者
adventuress n.女投机者(指用不正当手段谋求名利的女子)
story of adventure 冒险故事
8. adventurous
adj.冒险的;喜欢冒险的;人胆的;充满危险和刺激的 *ad(=to)
adventurous voyage 惊险的航海
9. avenue
n. 大街,大道(avenue为南北走向,street为东西走向);<喻>途径 *a<ad(=to)
avenues to success 通往成功之路
10. circumvent
v. 规避(法律、规则、困难等);防止发生;胜过(从周围来) *circum(=around)
11. convenient
adj.便利的,方便的;适宜的 *con<com(=together)
convenientiy adv. 便利地
12. convenience
n.便利,方便;方便的用具(或设备);实利,好处 *con<com(=together)
as a matter of convenience 为方便起见
at your earliest convenience 在你方便时尽早
marriage of conveniance 基于利害关系的婚姻,权宜婚姻
all modern convenience 所有现代化设施
13. convent
n.女修道会;女修道院;女隐修会 *con<com(=together)
convent school 女隐修会学校
go into/enter a convent 当修女
14. contravene
v. 违反(法律、习惯等);反驳(陈述、主张等);与…相抵触,不一致 *contra(=against, opposite)
15. event
n.(重要)事件;后果,结果;情况;(体育运动的)比赛项目 *e<ex(=out)
Coming events cast their shadows betore. 山雨欲采风满楼。
16. eventual
adj. 最终的;结果的 *e<ex(=out)
eventually adv. 最后,终于
eventuality n. 可能发生的事;可能性
his foolish behavior and eventual failure 他愚蠢的行为及最终的失败
17. eventful
adj. 变故多的
He has had an eventful life. 他的一生中有很多大事。
The past year has been eventful. 去年是多事的一年。
18. invent
v. 发明,创造;捏造(谎言等),虚构 *in(=on)
inventor n. 发明者,发明家;创造者
invent an excuse for being late 编造迟到的借口
19. invention
n.发明;创造;发明物;编造的故事;虚构;捏造 *in(=on)
numerous inventions of Edison 爱迪生的众多发明
newspapers that are full of inventions 充斥着虚假报道的报纸
20. inventive
adj. 有发明才能的;善于创造的,有创造力的 *in(=on)
inventive mind 富有创意的头脑
inventive powers 发明创造的能力
21. inventory
n.详细目录;(财产)目录;存货 (总价);存货盘存 *in(=on)
22. parvenu
n. 新贵:暴发户 *par<per(=completeIy)
23. prevent
v. 阻止,阻碍;预防 *pre(=before)
preventable adj.可阻止的;可预防的
24. prevention
n. 防止,阻碍;预防 *pre(=before)
Prevention is better than cure. 预防胜于治疗。
prevention of cruelty to animals 防止虐待动物
25. preventive
adj. 阻止的;预防的 *pre(=before)
prevenlative 预防药
preventive medicine/measures 预防药,预防措施
preventive detention/custody [律]预防性拘留
preventive officer (荚)缉私官
26. provenance
n. 起源,出处;(艺术品、手稿等的)历史,由来和发展 *pro(=forth)
antique furniture of doubtful provenance 来历可疑的古旧家具(如不知是不是古董)
n. 收入;(国家的)岁入,税收;(pl.)总收人 *re(=again,back)
revenue and expenditure 收支
defraud the revenue 逃税
internal Revenue Service 美国国内收入暑[简称:IRS)
revenue cutter (海关的)缉私船
revenue officer 税收人员
revenue sharing <美>(联邦政府分配给各州的)岁入分配
revenue stamp 印花税票
27. souvenir
n. 纪念品 *sou<sub(=in place of)
souvenir sheet (集邮用语)小型张
28. venue
n.(比赛、会议等的)地点;审判地(召集审判员进行审判的地点)
Seoul was the venue of the 1988 Olympic Games. 首尔是1988年奥运会的主办地
change tha venue (为保证审判的公平而)更换审判地
29. venture
v.冒险;斗胆提出(或说出)一,投机;(冒险)事业
venturesome adj.(人)爱冒险的,大胆的;(活动、行为)危险的
Nothing venture,nothing have/gain/win. 不入虎穴,焉得虎子。
venture capital 冒险投入资本,风险资本
30. ventilate
v.(给房间等)通风,换气;引起讨论
The matter should be freely ventilated. 这个问题需要进行自由讨论。
31. ventilation
n.通风,换气
the ventilation shaft of a coalmine 煤矿的通风井
32. misadventure
n.不幸;灾难(不好的遭遇)《mis- = bad》
词根:min(men) = to hang, to project(突出)
来自拉丁语的min 意为to project,to hang,它的变形为men。此外,来自拉丁语的minutus 的min 也有small 之意,注意不要混淆。
(*拉丁文minere(=to jut,to project)。 —— 英文根字典)
同源词:
1. diminish(使分离后变小di<dis(=apart) + min(=small))
v.缩小;(使)减少
diminution n.减小,缩小
diminutive adj.微小的;(n.)表示“小”的词缀
After an initial burst of fame,public interest normally diminishes in teen pop idols. 几十岁的偶像歌手们在初期红极一时之后,大众对他们的关注一般都会减少。
2. eminent(向外突出的e<ex(=out) + min(=project,hang))
adj.著名的;出众的;明显的;高耸的
eminence n.著名,卓越
eminently adv.出众地;明显地
My grandfather was an eminent physician in this community. 我爷爷是这个社区有名的内科医生。
3. preeminent(之前向外突出的pre(=before) + e<ex(=out) + min(=project))
adj.优秀的,出类拔萃的,卓越的
preeminence n.杰出,卓越,超群
Ms.Barns is the preeminent attorney in this city. 巴思斯夫人是本市的优秀律师。
4. imminent(悬挂在某物上的im<in(=on) + min(=hang,project))
adj.紧急的;迫切的
imminence n.紧迫,迫近
imminently adv.迫切地,迫近地
I'll wait and buy it later because their clearance sale is imminent. 因为他们马上就要清仓甩卖,所以我决定晚些时候再买那个东西。
5. prominent(向前突出的pro(=forth) + min(=project))
adj.显眼的,显著的;卓越的,著名的;突出的,突起的
prominence n.突出,显著;卓越;著名
My uncle is a prominent member of the city council. 我的叔叔是著名的市议会议员。
6. menace
n.威胁,恐吓;极端讨厌的人或物
v.威胁 *men<min(=project)
menace to world peace 对世界和平的威胁
That woman is a menace 那个女人真讨厌!
countries menaced by war 受到战争威胁的国家
7. diminuendo
n.[音]渐弱 *di<dis(=apart),min(=small)
sudden diminuendo 突然渐弱
8. administer
v.管理;执行(法令、仪式);提供;执行管理/处理(遗产)职责 *ad(=to),min(=small)
administer the affairs of state 管理国家事务
administer the law 执法
administer medicine to him 给他服药
9. administration
n.管理,经营;行政;行政机关,政府;管理部门,行政部门;(法律的)执行;用药;(多写做A~)行政机关,政府 *ad(=to),min(=small)
University Administration 大学行政部门
Master of Business Administration 工商管理硕士
Bush Administration 布什政府
civil/military administration 民政/军政
10. administrative
adj.管理的;行政(上的)的 *ad(=to),min(=small)
administrative law 行政法
11. administrator
n.管理者;(有能力的)行政人员;财产管理人 *ad(=to),min(=small)
12. miniature
n.缩略,缩样,模型;(特指在象牙、高级皮革上绘制的)微型人像画;微型绘画术
adj.小型的;微型的 *min(=small)
miniaturist n.微型图画绘制者,微画家
in miniature 小规模地
miniature camera (使用35毫米以下胶卷的)小型照相机
miniature railway (游乐场的)迷你铁道
13. minimal
adj.最小的;最小限度的 *min(=small)
minimal art 微型艺术(用最小限度的造型手段制作的绘画或雕塑)
minimize an accident 轻视事故
14. minimum
adj.最小;最小量;最低限度 adj.最小量的;最低限度的 *min(=small)
minimum temperature 最低温度
minimum wage 最低工资
15. minion
n.走狗,奴才 *min(=small)
minions of the law 法律的忠仆(狱卒、警察等)
minion of fortune 幸运儿
Japanese minion 日本的走狗
16. minister
n.部长(在美语中用secretary);大臣;公使;(特指长老教、非国教派的)神职人员,牧师 v.帮助;照料 *ster(=person who),min(=small)
ministerial duties 部长的职责
ministerial benches 执政党阁员的席位
the Ministerial Council of NATO 北约部长理事会
17. ministrant
adj.协助的;服务的 n.服侍者;协助者 *min(=small)
18. ministration
n.举行宗教仪式;服务,帮助 *min(=small)
19. ministry
n.(政府的)部(在美语中用department);(the~)[总称]神职人员(牧师等);神职人员的职务、任期 *min(=small)
Ministry of Finance 财政部
enter the ministry 当神职人员(牧师等)
20. minnow
n.米诺鱼,鲤科淡水鱼 *min(=small)
a triton among the minnows 鹤立鸡群
throw out a minnow to catch a whale. 舍小鱼钓大鱼
21. minor
adj.较小的;次要的;[音]小音阶的,小调的;(大学的)辅修的
n.未成年人;(大学的)辅修科目 v.辅修 *min(=small)
minor official 小公务员
minor injuries/faults 轻伤/轻微过失
minor offense 轻罪
minor planets 小行星
22. minority
n.少数;少数派;少数党;少数民族;未成年 *min(=small)
minority group (人种、国籍、宗教中的)少数派
minority leader /whip 少数派党领袖/少数党督导
minority problem 少数民族问题
minority party 少数党
23. minus
prep. 减去;失去,没有 adj.负的;阴极的;没有的,欠缺的,不足的 n.负号;负数 *min(=small)
7 minus 3 is 4. 7减3等于4
come back from the battle minus a leg 从战场上回来少了一条腿
a book minus its cover 一本没了封皮的书
24. minuscule
adj.非常小的 min(=small),cule(=small)
25. minute
adj.微小的;详细的;精密的;快熟的 n.(时间的)分;(角度的)分;备忘录;(pl.)会议记录 v.将...记入议事录;将...记入备忘录 *min(=small)
minutely adv.微小地;详细地;精密地
minute particles of gold dust 金粉的微粒子
minute difference 微小的差异
minute description 详细的描述
minute observer 细心的观察者
minute hand 钟表的分针
Just a minute 等一下
37 degrees 30 minutes 37度30分
minute book 会议记录
minute pudding 快熟布丁
26. minutiae
n.细节;琐事 *min(=small)
27. mince
v. 剁(肉等),切碎;矫揉造作地说 n.碎肉,肉末 *min(=small)
mincer n.碎肉机
minced meat 碎肉
mince pie 肉馅饼
28. mincing
adj.装腔作势的,矫揉造作的
affected,mincing young girl 装腔作势的小女孩
take mincing steps 迈着做作的步子
29. supereminent
adj.出类拔萃的;特别崇高的(更加突出)《super- = over》
30. supereminence
n.出类拔萃;崇高
词根:stinct, sting, stig, sti = to prick, to bind
来自拉丁语的stinct,sting,stig,sti 意为 to prick,to bind。同义词根有来自拉丁语的pung/punct。
(*拉丁语stizein(=to prick) —— 英文根字典)
同源词:
1. extinct(用针刺使没有的ex(=out) + tinct<stinct(=prick))
adj.不再存在的;消亡了的,灭绝的;(火)熄灭的;废除了的
extinction n.消灭,绝种;(火)熄灭;废止
extinguisher n.灭火器
extinguish v. 熄灭(火);使消灭
Hundreds of insect species become extinct each year. 每年都有数百种昆虫灭绝。
2. instigate(在里面刺 in(=in) + stig(=prick))
vt. 煽动;怂恿
instigation n.煽动;教唆,怂恿
instigator n.煽动者;教唆者
The union head instigated the unrest among the workers. 工会的领导者煽动工人动乱。
3. prestigious(事先刺、捆的pre(=before) + stig(=prick,bind))
adj.有名词的
prestige n.声望,威信
He was hired directly out of law school by a very prestigious law firm. 他一从法学院毕业就被一家知名律师事务所聘用了。
4. extinguish
v.(光、火等)熄灭;使(希望、爱情、热情等)破灭;偿清(债务)*ex(=out),ting<sting(=prick)
5. extinguisher
n.灭火器 *ex(=out),ting<sting(=prick)
6. distinct
adj.清楚的,明白的,清晰的;(~from) 分别的,不同的 *di<dis(=away)
distinctly adv. 清楚地,清晰地
speak distinctly 清楚地说
distinct pronunciation 清晰的发音
Keep the two ideas distinct .将这两个概念区分开来。
7. distinctive
adj.独特的,与众不同的;区别性的,有差异的 *di<dis(=away)
distinctively adv.独特地
distinctive uniform 独特的制服
8. distinction
n.差别;区分;不同点;优越,卓越;荣誉,勋章 *di<dis(=away)
distinction without a difference 名义上的区分,人为的区分(指实际上没有什么区别)
distinction between poetry and prose 诗和散文的不同
writer of distinction 知名作家
academic distinction 学术上的荣誉
9. distinguish
v.区别;识别,辨别;使显示出特色,使区别于;[~oneself] 使杰出,使著名 *di<dis(=away)
distinguish between good and evil 区分善与恶
10. distingushed
adj.著名的;卓著的,杰出的;高贵的 *di<dis(=away)
distinguished career 辉煌的事业
distinguished family 名门望族
distinguished visitors 贵宾
distinguished services 殊勋
11. distinguishable
adj.可以区分的 *di<dis(=away)
hardly distinguishable 难以区分的
12. instinct
n.本能,直觉;天性;天资 adj.充满的 *in(=in)
instinct of self-preservation 自我保护的本能
act on instinct 凭直觉行动
picture instinct with life and beauty 充满活力与美的图画
poem instinct with passion 充满激情的诗篇
13. instinctive
adj. 本能的 *in(=in)
instinctively adv.本能地
have an instinctive dread of fire 天生怕火
14. sting
n.(蜜蜂、黄蜂等昆虫)刺,毒针;(特指荨麻的)剌毛(手指等一碰就分痛);(被昆虫的针、荨麻等剌伤后的)剌痛;(被叮伤、剌伤的)伤痕;(身心的)剌痛
v.(用针等)刺;螫;刺痛,使疼痛;(身体局部)刺痛;激怒;漫天要价,敲诈
stinger n.痛击;剌人的动物(或植物);爱挖苦的人,讽剌者;螫针,剌
stingless n. 没有毒(针)的,无剌的
stingray n.黄貂鱼;刺鳐
sting of a scorpion 蝎子的毒剌
sting operation (美国联邦调查局等的)针剌行动
15. stingy
adj.吝啬的
Don't be so stingy with the sugar ! 别因为那点糖显得那么吝啬!
stingy person 吝啬鬼
16. stigma
n.污名,耻辱;烙印;(病的)特征;(pl.)(植物)柱头;(动物)气门
stigma of illegitimacy 私生子的耻辱
17. stigmatize
v.诬蔑;指责
be stigmatized as a coward and a liar 被污蔑是懦夫和说谎的人
18. astigmatism
n.散光,敌视;(镜头的)象散 *a<an(=without,not)
19. stipend
n.(学生、研究生定领取的)生活津贴;(特指牧师的)薪水,薪金 *pend(=pay)
stipendiary adj.领薪金的,有俸给的
20. stimulate
v.刺激;促使;激励
stimulating adj.刺激的;激励的
stimulation n.刺激;激励,鼓舞
21. stimulus
n.刺激(物);刺激因素;剌毛,针
stimulus to further exertions 激励人更加努力的因素
22. stimulant
n.兴奋剂;兴奋饮料(如咖啡、白兰地等);刺激(激励)物
adj.使兴奋的;刺激性的
词根词缀:-cola, -colas; -cole; -colent; -colid; -coline; -colous
【来源及含义】Latin: to inhabit; to live in, to live on, to live among; to dwell; living among, dwelling in; occurring on, occurring in
【相关描述】Suffixes that refer to the location or an area of growth. Used primarily in botanical and biological terminology to indicate a plant or an organism that is characterized by a habitat or place of existence as indicated by the combining root.
The suffix -cole is derived from Latin colere, "to inhabit, to dwell, to live".
Don't confuse this -cole, -cola , "inhabit, live in, dwelling in" unit with the following cole-, coleo- (sheath, scabbard, vagina); coll-, col- (neck); collo-, coll- (glue); colo-, col- (colon, large intestine); and colon-, coln- (farm, settlement) units.
【相关词根词缀】 Related life, live-word units: anima-; bio-; vita-; viva-.
【同源单词】acarocola, acarocole, acarocoline, acarocolous, acrodendrocola, acrodendrocole
词根词缀:cole-, coleo-
【来源及含义】Greek: sheath, scabbard; in medicine, a combining form that means "sheath" or "vagina"
【相关描述】Don't confuse this cole-, "sheath, vagina" unit with the following -cole, -cola, -coles (living among, dwelling in); coll-, col- (neck); collo-, coll- (glue); colo-, col- (colon, large intestine); and colon-, coln- (farm, settlement) units.
【同源单词】coleitis, coleocele, coleocystitis, Coleoptera, coleopterophilous, coleoptosis
词根词缀:coll-, col-
【来源及含义】Latin: neck
【相关描述】Don't confuse this coll-,col-, "neck" unit with the following -cole, -cola, -coles (living among, dwelling in); cole-, coleo- (sheath, scabbard, vagina); collo-, coll- (glue); colo-, col- (colon, large intestine); and colon-, coln- (farm, settlement) units.
【相关词根词缀】 Cross references related to "neck, throat" word families: cervic-; esophag-; guttur-; laryng-; nuch-; trachel-.
【同源单词】accolade, collar, collar, collarbone, collar-crown, decollate
词根词缀:collo-, coll-, colla-
【来源及含义】Greek: glue
【相关描述】Don't confuse this collo, coll-, "glue" unit with the following -cole, -cola, -coles (living among, dwelling in); cole-, coleo- (sheath, scabbard, vagina); coll-, col- (neck); colo-, col- (colon, large intestine); and colon-, coln- (farm, settlement) units.
【同源单词】collagen, collagenase, collaplankton, collenchyma, colloblast, collodion
词根词缀:colo-, col-
【来源及含义】Greek: kolo- > Latin: colo-, colon or large intestine [that part which extends from the cecum to the rectum]
【相关描述】Don't confuse this colo-, col-, "colon, large intestine" unit with the following -cole, -cola, -coles (living among, dwelling in); cole-, coleo- (sheath, scabbard, vagina); coll-, col- (neck); collo-, coll- (glue); and colon-, coln- (farm, settlement) units.
【同源单词】colocecostomy, colocentesis, colocutaneous, colodyspepsia, coloenteritis, colometrometer
词根词缀:colon-, -coln
【来源及含义】Latin: estate, farm, settlement
【相关描述】Don't confuse this colon-, -coln, "estate, farm" unit with the following -cole, -cola, -coles (living among, dwelling in); cole-, coleo- (sheath, scabbard, vagina); coll-, col- (neck); collo-, coll- (glue); and colo-, col- (colon, large intestine) units.
【同源单词】colonial, colonist, colonists, colonization, colonize, colony
词根词缀:cortic-, cortico-, cort-, cortex
【来源及含义】Latin: bark, rind; literally, that which is "stripped off"; used in its extended senses, chief among these being "pertaining to the outer layer of a bodily organ, especially the brain"
【同源单词】adrenocorticotrophic, allocortex, cortex, corticectomy, corticiferous, corticiform