词根:fac, fact, fec, fect, fic, fict(feas, feit, feat, fit) = do, make 做
词根fac,fact和fect是一组同源异形根,它们都来源于拉丁动词facere, 意为to make,to do,to feign。其中, fac 是不定式词干;fact是动名词词干;fect 是动词facere的异体ficere 动名词词干。feas,feit,feat,fit 等是其变形。
同源词:
1. affectation(使靠近af<ad(=to near) + fect(=do,make))
n.装模作样;假装
affect v.假装;影响
affected adj.假装的;受影响的 cf. affection 影响;爱情;感情
affectionately adv.充满深情地
His cigarette holder is merely an affectation. 他的烟斗只不过是装样子罢了。
2. defect(做某物时漏掉一定要放入的材料 de(=from) + fect(=do,make))
n.缺点,缺陷,不足之处
vi. from + sth 脱离,逃跑
defection n.脱离,脱党;叛教,变节
defector n.叛离者,变节者
defective adj.不完善的,有缺陷的
Almost everyone has at least one major character defect. 几乎所有的人都至少有一个较大的性格缺陷。
3. malefactor(做坏事的人 male<mal (=bad) + fact(=do,make))
n.罪人;恶人
malefaction n.罪行,坏事
maleficent adj.有害的,作恶的
My father always jokingly asks what kind of malefactor i'm dating now. 我父亲总是开元笑地问我,最近在和一个什么样的坏小子约会。
4. factual(实际所做或所制作的fact(=do,make))
adj.事实上的;实际的
TV docudramas are a blend of both the factual and the fictional.纪实电视剧是事实与虚构的结合体。
5. facile(易于做或制作的 fac(=do,make))
adj.容易的,易得到的;故事不花力气的;熟练的;流畅的
Class,don't give me facile responses. Really think about your answers. 同学们,不要给我那种很容易就能想到的答案,一定要好好思考一下再回答。
6. beneficent(做善事、亲切之事的 bene (=good) + fic(=do,make))
adj.做善事的,仁慈的;有益的
beneficence n.善行,慈益的
benefaction n.善行,施舍
benefactor n.捐助人,捐赠者;恩人
I generally find in life that beneficent acts are answered in kind. 我发现生活中总是善有善报。
7. beneficial(使有利的bene(=good) + fic(=make,do))
adj.有益的,有帮助的
Taking a B-complex vitamin is proven to be beneficial for cardiac health. 已经证实摄入复合维生素有益心脏健康。
8. efficacious(做、制作得好的ef<ex(=intensive) + fic(=do,make))
adj.灵验的;有效的
efficacy n.效力,功效
efficaciously adv.有效地
A high fiber diet is efficacious in preventing certain kinds of cancer. 高纤维饮食可以有效预防某些癌症。
9. munificent(使成为礼物的 mun(=gift,service) + fic(=make,do))
adj.慷慨的,大方的;丰厚的
munificence n.慷慨;丰厚
The company made me a munificent offer,but i declined it. 那家公司的出价很慷慨,但我还是拒绝了。
10. officiate(好好做事 of<ob(=intensive) + fic(=do,make))
vi.at + sth 行使职权;主持
office n.事务所;办公室
officer n.军官
officiator n.主婚人
official adj.正式的;公务的;(n.)公务员,官员
A Unitarian minister officiated at his funeral. 一名一位论教派的牧师主持了他的葬礼。
11. officious(使妨碍的 of<ob(=in the way) + fic(=do,make))
adj.好出主意的,多管闲事的
The government required us to use their somewhat officious translator. 政府要求我们用那个有点爱多管闲事的翻译官。
12. proficient(首先做、制作pro(=before) + fic(=make,do))
adj.精通的,熟练的
n.能力;专家
proficiency n. 精通,熟练
I wouldn't say i'm a great saxophone player —— I'm just barely proficient. 我没有说我是萨克斯演奏家,只是比较精通而已。
13. superficial (使登到上边 super (=above,over) + fic(=make,do))
adj.表面的,外表的;肤浅的,没有深度的,浅薄的
superficiality n.表面性;肤浅,浅薄
I got a C-minus. The teacher said my essay was superficial. 我得了111111111111111111111,老师说我的论文太肤浅。
14. surfeit (使过度 sur(=over,excessive) + feit<fact(=do,make))
n.过量;饮食过度;腻烦
v.(使)饮食过度;(使)腻烦
There's a surfeit of great recipes on the internet. 网上的精美食谱多得让人烦。
15. malfeasance(做坏事 mal (=bad) + feas<fac(=do,make))
n.违法行为;(特指公务员的)不正当行为,渎职
The mayor's well-publicized malfeasance cost him the election. 市长的渎职行为已公之于众,他为此使出了代价,在选举中失利。
16. discomfit(使完全做不了dis(=not) + com(=thoroughly) + fit<fact(=make,do))
vt.挫败;扰乱
discomfiture n.挫败;狼狈
I'm discomfited by the criminal record of my daughter's fiancé. 得知女儿末婚夫的前科后,我感到很惊慌。
17. confection
n.糖果,点心;混合,合成,调制;(一般指女士服装)成衣 * con<com(=together)
confectioner n.糖果商
18. confectionery
n.糖果类;糖果制造(业);糖果店 *con<com(=together)
Lotte Confectionery 乐天糖果
19. effect
n.结果;效果,效能,效力;影响;印象;(pl.)财产
v.招致;达到(目的);实现 *ef<ex(=out,intensive)
effect of heat upon metals 热对金属的影响
take effect 见效,生效,起作用
sound effects 音响效果
personal effects 个人财产
no effects 无存款(银行在空头支票上的批语,常写做N/E)
effect a cure 治愈
effect an insurance policy 投保
20. effective
adj.有效的;给人深刻印象的;实际的,事实上的 *ef<ex(=out,intensive)
effective measures 有效的手段
21. effectual
adj.奏效的,有效的 *ef<ex(=out,intensive)
effectual remedy 有效的治疗
22. infect
v.[医]感染,传染;使受影响 *in(=into)
infected with cholera 染上霍乱
23. infection
n.(通过空气、水传播病菌的)感染;传染(病);影响 *in(=into)
24. infectious
adj.传染的;(病)有传染性的;有感染力的;易传播的 *in(=into)
25. perfect
adj.完美的;娴熟的,熟练的 v.使完美;完成 *per(=completely)
perfectly adv.圆满地,完美地
perfectible adj.可完善的;可完成的
26. perfection
n.完成;完美 *per(=completely)
27. perfectionist
n.完美主义者,追求完美的 *per(=completely)
28. prefect
n.地方行政长官;(法国等的)省长;(日本的)县长;(巴黎的)警察局局长 *pre(=before)
prefect of police 巴黎警局局长
29. prefecture
n.(法国、日本等的)省长(或县长等的)职位(或辖区、管辖区、任期、官邸);县;专区;府 *pre(=before)
prefectural adj.县的;长官(巴黎警察局局长)的
30. refection
n.(靠食物)恢复体力;便餐,小吃 *re(=back)
31. refectory
n.(修道院、大学等的)食堂 *re(=back),ory(=place where)
32. unaffected
adj.不矫揉造作的,自然的;未爱影响的 *un(=not),af<ad(=near)
33. artifact/artefact
n.人造物品,人工制品 *art(=art,skill,craft)
34. manufacture
v.制作,生产;捏造,虚构(证据、借口等)
n.制造,制作,生产;(pl.)制品,产品 *manu(=hand)
manufacturer n.生产才,制造者
35. faction
n.(政党的)派别,党派;派系斗争,内讧
factionalism n.党派之争
36. factious
adj.好搞党派活动的;源于派别的
factious spirit 派性
37. factitious
adj.人为的;不自然的;虚假的
factitious enthusiasm 虚假的热情
factitious demand of goods 商品的虚假需求
38. factor
n.[数]因子;因素;要因;代理人
factorize v. 将...分解的因子
39. factory
n.工厂,制造厂 *ory(=place where)
40. factotum
n.勤杂工人
41. facilitate
v.使容易;促进,帮助
42. facility
n.能力,才能;(pl.)设施,设备;(供特别用途的)场所
great facility in learning English 学好英语的能力
facilities for study 研究室,学习室
sports facilities 远去设施
43. facsimile
n.摹写,复制;复制品 *simil (=same)
44. faculty
n.才能,本领;(大学的)系;院;(大学的)全体教职员
the faculty of making friends easily 容易结交朋友的能力
the Faculty of Science 理学院
faculty meeting 全体教职员会议
45. fiction
n.虚构,想像的事;[总称]小说
56. fictitious
adj.虚构的,假的
57. beneficiary
n.(遗嘱、保险等的)受益人 *bene(=good),ary(=person who)
58. deficiency
n.缺乏,不足;不足的数量、数额;缺点,不足之处 *de(=away)
deficiency diseases [医]营养缺乏症
a deficiency of $100 缺100美元
59. deficient
adj.缺乏的,不足的 *de(=away)
deficient in courage 勇气不足的
a mentally deficient person 有智力缺陷的人
60. deficit
n.不足的数额,赤字 *de(=away)
budget deficit 预算赤字
61. difficulty
n.困难,艰难;难事;难题 *dif<dis(=away)
difficult adj.困难的,艰难的
62. edifice
n.(宏伟的)建筑物;<喻>精神建设 *edi(=build)
63. efficient
adj.效率高的;有能力的,能胜任的;有效的 *ef<ex(=intensive,out)
efficiently adv.效率高地;有效地
efficient methods of teaching 有效的教学法
efficient secretary 能干的秘书
64. efficiency
n.效率;效力,效能 *ef<ex(=intensive,out)
65. magnificent
adj.极美的;壮丽的,宏伟的,宏大的;豪华的 *magn (=great)
magnificent house 豪华住宅
66. suffice
v.充足,足够;使满足 *suf<sub(=under)
Your word will suffice. 你来说就行了。
67. sufficient
adj.充分的 *suf<sub(=under)
sufficiently adv.充分地
sufficiency n.充分,足量
sufficient condition 充分条件
68. feasible
adj.可实行的;可能的;适用的 *feas<fac(=do)
feasibility n. 可行性
69. counterfeit
v.伪造 n.赝品,伪造品 adj.伪造的,伪造的 *counter (=against),feit<fact(=make,do)
counterfeiter n.伪造者
70. forfeit
v.(因犯罪、过失等)丧失(地位、财产、权力等)
n.丧失的东西;没收物;罚款,罚金;罚物游戏的抵押物 *for(=out of doors),feit<fact(=make,do)
forfeiture n.丧失;没收
foreit the good opinion of one's frends 丧失了朋友们的好感
foreit one's property 没收某人的财产
71. feat
n.业绩,功绩;英勇事迹;技艺;武艺 *feat<fact(=do,make)
brilliant feats of engineering 工程学领域的辉煌业绩
feats of valor 英勇的壮举
72. feature
n.特征;特色;(pl.)面貌;(报纸的)特写,特别报道;电影正片
v.以...为特色 *feat<fact(=do,make)
featureles adj.平淡无奇的,无特色的
unusual features in a political program 政治纳领与众不同的特点
a man of handsome features 美男子
newspaper that makes a feature of sport 以体育报道为特色的报纸
double features [电影]再片连映
73. defeat
v.使失败,击败,使受挫;[律]使无效
n.失败 *de(=down) ,feat<fact(=do,make)
defeatism n.失败主义
defeatist n.失败主义者
four victories and two defeats 四胜两败
74. benefit
n.益处;帮助;义演;义卖;补助费,救济金;(根据保险规定所得的)保险金
v.有益于;得益 *bene(=good),fit<fact(=do,make)
the benefits of a good education 优质教育的益处
benefit performance /concert 义演/义演音乐会
medical / unemployment benefit 医疗津贴/失业救济金
75. profit
n.利益;收益;利润 v.利益;有益于 *pro(=before),fit<fact(=do,make)
profit margin 利润率
profit sharing 分红制
76. profitable
adj.有益的;有赢利的,有利的 *pro(=before),fit<fact(=do,make)
profitably adv.有益地,有利地
profitable investment 有利润的投资
profitable instruction 有益的教导
77. profiteer
v.牟取暴利 n.奸商;牟取暴利者 *pro(=before),fit<fact(=do,make)
78. disinfect
v.消毒;净化(使不被感染)《dis- = not》
词根:verg = to turn, to bend(倾向;倾斜)
来自拉丁语的verg 意为to turn,to bend。同义词根有来自拉丁语的vert/vers,rot 和来自希腊语的stroph,以及来自盎格鲁-撒克逊语的tour等。
(*拉丁文vergere(=to incline) —— 英文根字典)
同源词:
1. divergent(分别转换方向的di<dis(=apart) + verg(=turn,bend))
adj.(线、路等)分叉的;意见等有分歧的;不同的
diverge v. 分叉;分歧
divergence /divergency 分歧;偏离;相异,差异
My sister and i have divergent opinions on almost every topic imaginable. 我妹妹和我几乎在所有可以想象到的话题上意见都不一致。
2. converge (一起、同时朝向心地点 con<com(=together) + verg(=turn,bend))
vt. 集中于一点;人、车等聚集;(意见、行为等)趋于一致;收敛
convergence n.会合
convergent adj.会集于一点的
The coyotes converged on the fallen caribou and devoured it. 效狼聚集到倒下的驯鹿旁将它吞食掉了。
3. verge
n.边缘,界限,边际 v.接近,濒临
词根:fract, frag(fra, fring) = to break(打破)
来自拉丁语的fract,frag意为to break,变形为fra,fring。同义词根有来自拉丁语的rupt。
(*拉丁文 frangere(=to break),过去分词是fractus——英文字根字典)
同源词:
1. suffrage(源自于从前投票都是利用陶器的碎片。破坏到底suf<sub(=under) + frag (=break,loud applause))
n.投票权,选举权;投票;赞成票
suffragette n.主张妇女参政权的女子
Suffrage is constitutionally guaranteed to all non-crimial adults. 宪法保障所有不违法的成年人都有选举权。
2. infraction(闯入里面in(=in,into,against) + fract(=break))
n.违反,违背
I already have two traffic infractions on my record this year.今年我已经有两次违反变规的记录了。
3. refractory(继续破碎或粉碎的 re(=again) + fract(=break))
adj.不听话的,难以驾驭的,执拗的;(疾病等)难以治愈的,痼疾的;难熔的;难以处理的
Four of the refractory children have been placed in foster homes.那些难管教的孩子中有四个被送到领养家庭了。
4. fractious(折断的fract(=break))
adj.易怒的,暴躁的;难以对待的,难驾驭的
Italian politics are famously fractious—It's almost a national joke.意大利改治是出了名的难以驾驭——这差不多快成了国家的笑话了。
5. refract
v.使(光线)折射 *re(=back)
refraction n.折射
Light is refracted when it passes through a prism.光在通过棱镜时会折射。
6. fraction
n.小部分;一点,少量;[数]分数
fractional adj.小的,没有多少的;分数的
fractional distillation [分]分馏
7. fracture
n.破碎,破裂;骨折 v.使破裂;使骨折
compound/simple fractures 有创/单纯性骨折;bones that fracture easily 易碎的骨头
8. fragment n.碎片;片断 v.(使)成碎片
put the fragments of a broken vase together 把破碎的花瓶片拼在一起
overhear fragments of conversation 无意中听到谈话的只言片语
The shell fragments on impact.贝壳会被击碎
9. fragmentary
adj.碎片的;断断续续的;不完整的
fragmentary report of an event对事件不完整的报道
10. fragmentation
n.分裂;破碎
fragmentation bomb/grenade 破裂弹/杀伤手榴弹
11. fragile
adj.易碎的,易折断的;(体质)虚弱的
fragility n.脆弱;虚弱
fragile china /health/happiness 易碎的瓷器/虚弱的体质/易逝的幸福
12. infringe
v.触犯(法规),违反;侵害,侵犯权利 *in(=against,in)
infringement n.违反侵害
infringe a rule / an oath/ copyright/a patent 违反规则/违背誓言/侵犯版权/侵犯专利权
infringe upon the rights of other people 侵犯他人权利
13. frail
adj.易碎的;(体质)虚弱的;(意志)薄弱的
fail child /support虚弱的孩子/不结实的柱子
frail happiness易逝的幸福
14. failty
n.软弱,脆弱,薄弱;(pl.)缺点,瑕疵
the frailty of human life 人生命脆弱
He loved her in spite of her little frailties.他爱她,即使她有小小的缺点。
Frailty,thy name is woman.软弱啊,你的名字叫女人。
15. refrain(请注意:这个单词作动词和名词时都是出自同一语源,但是语义不同,作动词时表示“拉回马的缰绳”之意。)
v.节制,忍耐 n.副歌 *re(=back)
Please refrain from spitting in public places.请不要在公共场所吐痰。
will you all join in singing the refrain please?大家一起唱那段副歌吧。
16. diffract
v.分散;使(光线、音波等的)绕射(使射开)《dif- = dis- =apart》
diffraction n.(光线、音波等的)绕射
词根:ultim = end, last(最后的)
词根ultim来源于拉丁语的ultim 意为end,last。同义词根有来自拉丁语的fin,termin和来自希腊的bys。
英文字根字典的解释为:*拉丁文ultimus (=last)
同源词:
1. ultimate [最后的、最终的ultim(=last)]
adj.最后的,终极的;根本的
ultimately 最后,最终
ultimatum n.最后通牒
The website is the ultimate guide to science fiction web pages,with 6,000 links!那个网站有6000个链接,是科幻小说网页的终极指南!
2. ultimogeniture n.[律]幼子继承制(primogeniture长子继承制)*gen(=birth)
3. ultimo adj.上个月的(缩写:ult.)
4. penultimate n./adj.倒数第二(的);[语](词的)倒数第二个音节(的) *pen(=almost)
5. antepenultimate n./adj. 倒数第三章节(的)(antepenult)(倒数第二个的前一个)《ante- = before》
词根:insul(isol) = island受(岛屿)
词根insul来自拉丁语的insul(刘毅词典:拉丁文insula(=island))意为island。isol是它的变形,同义词根有来自盎格鲁-撒克逊语的nes。
同源词:
1. insulate [使成为岛屿 insul (= island)]
vt.[物]使绝缘;使绝热;隔离,使孤立
n.insulation 绝缘;隔离 insulator 绝缘体 insularity 岛国性质 insularism (思想观点的)偏狭性
adj.insular 海岛的;岛民的;偏狭的 insulated 被绝缘的;被隔热的
I insulated my home against undue heat loss. 为了防止热量过多散失,我把我们家做了隔热处理。
2. isolate vt.使孤立;隔离 adj.孤立的;单独的
isolated house 单人房 community that had been isolated from civilization 与文明孤立隔绝的社会。
3. isolation n.孤立,隔离 *isol<insul(=island)
in isolation 孤立地;独自地
isolation hospital/ward 隔离医院/病房
4. insular adj.岛国特性的;岛屿的;偏狭的
5. island n.岛;岛屿;岛状物 v.使成为岛;孤立
6. peninsula n.半岛 (几乎成为岛的)《pen- = almost》
词根词缀:inter-, intero-
【来源及含义】Latin: between; among, mutually, together; on the inside, internal
【相关描述】Although abstracted from the many compounds in which it entered English, the form inter- was not generally considered a living prefix in English until the 1400s.
During the later period of Middle English many words borrowed in the Old and Middle French forms entre-, enter- began to be consciously respelled with Latin inter-; although vestiges of the older French borrowings are found in entertain and enterprise.
The living prefix inter- is now freely added to almost any element in English to create such formations with the meaning of "between" and "among". The words formed by intra- are closely related to this inter- prefix; in fact, they both apparently came from the same Latin source.
【相关词根词缀】 Related "together" units: com-; greg-; struct-. Cross references of word families related directly, or indirectly, to: "internal organs, entrails, inside": ent-; enter-; fistul-; incret-; intra-; splanchn-; viscer-.
【同源单词】ad interim, anterointernal, Caput inter nubila condit, electrical interference, electron compound, inter canem et lupum
词根词缀:peni-, pen-
【来源及含义】Latin: paene, almost, nearly
【同源单词】antepenult, antepenultimate, antepenultimate, Baja California Peninsula, Iberian Peninsula, peninsula