词根：fract, frag(fra, fring) = to break（打破）
来自拉丁语的fract,frag意为to break，变形为fra,fring。同义词根有来自拉丁语的rupt。
（*拉丁文 frangere(=to break),过去分词是fractus——英文字根字典）
同源词：
1. suffrage（源自于从前投票都是利用陶器的碎片。破坏到底suf<sub(=under) + frag (=break,loud applause)）
n.投票权，选举权；投票；赞成票
suffragette n.主张妇女参政权的女子
Suffrage is constitutionally guaranteed to all non-crimial adults. 宪法保障所有不违法的成年人都有选举权。
2. infraction（闯入里面in(=in,into,against) + fract(=break)）
n.违反，违背
I already have two traffic infractions on my record this year.今年我已经有两次违反变规的记录了。
3. refractory（继续破碎或粉碎的 re(=again) + fract(=break)）
adj.不听话的，难以驾驭的，执拗的；（疾病等）难以治愈的，痼疾的；难熔的；难以处理的
Four of the refractory children have been placed in foster homes.那些难管教的孩子中有四个被送到领养家庭了。
4. fractious（折断的fract(=break)）
adj.易怒的，暴躁的；难以对待的，难驾驭的
Italian politics are famously fractious—It's almost a national joke.意大利改治是出了名的难以驾驭——这差不多快成了国家的笑话了。
5. refract
v.使（光线）折射 *re(=back)
refraction n.折射
Light is refracted when it passes through a prism.光在通过棱镜时会折射。
6. fraction
n.小部分；一点，少量；[数]分数
fractional adj.小的，没有多少的；分数的
fractional distillation [分]分馏
7. fracture
n.破碎，破裂；骨折 v.使破裂；使骨折
compound/simple fractures 有创/单纯性骨折；bones that fracture easily 易碎的骨头
8. fragment n.碎片；片断 v.（使）成碎片
put the fragments of a broken vase together 把破碎的花瓶片拼在一起
overhear fragments of conversation 无意中听到谈话的只言片语
The shell fragments on impact.贝壳会被击碎
9. fragmentary
adj.碎片的；断断续续的；不完整的
fragmentary report of an event对事件不完整的报道
10. fragmentation
n.分裂；破碎
fragmentation bomb/grenade 破裂弹/杀伤手榴弹
11. fragile
adj.易碎的，易折断的；（体质）虚弱的
fragility n.脆弱；虚弱
fragile china /health/happiness 易碎的瓷器/虚弱的体质/易逝的幸福
12. infringe
v.触犯（法规），违反；侵害，侵犯权利 *in(=against,in)
infringement n.违反侵害
infringe a rule / an oath/ copyright/a patent 违反规则/违背誓言/侵犯版权/侵犯专利权
infringe upon the rights of other people 侵犯他人权利
13. frail
adj.易碎的；（体质）虚弱的；（意志）薄弱的
fail child /support虚弱的孩子/不结实的柱子
frail happiness易逝的幸福
14. failty
n.软弱，脆弱，薄弱；(pl.)缺点，瑕疵
the frailty of human life 人生命脆弱
He loved her in spite of her little frailties.他爱她，即使她有小小的缺点。
Frailty,thy name is woman.软弱啊，你的名字叫女人。
15. refrain（请注意：这个单词作动词和名词时都是出自同一语源，但是语义不同，作动词时表示“拉回马的缰绳”之意。）
v.节制，忍耐 n.副歌 *re(=back)
Please refrain from spitting in public places.请不要在公共场所吐痰。
will you all join in singing the refrain please?大家一起唱那段副歌吧。
16. diffract
v.分散；使（光线、音波等的）绕射（使射开）《dif- = dis- =apart》
diffraction n.（光线、音波等的）绕射
词根词缀：agio-
【来源及含义】Greek > Italian: change; a fee charged by money brokers [changers] for exchanging money
词根词缀：ante-, ant-
【来源及含义】Latin: before, in front of, prior to, forward; used as a prefix
【相关描述】Compare this element with anti-, meaning "against". Anti-, with the meaning of "before", is found in very few words, such as: "antipasto" (from Italian) and "anticipate" with its various forms, plus a few scientific terms.
【相关词根词缀】 Related before-word units: antero-; anti-; pre-; pro-.
【同源单词】advance, advancement, advantage, advantageous, advantageously, advantageousness
词根词缀：balustrad-, balust-, balaust-
【来源及含义】Greek balaustion > Latin balaustium: supporting post of a railing on a balcony, staircase, etc. Borrowed from Italian balaustro, from balaustra; so called because of the resemblance of a baluster to the double-curving calyx tube of the "wild pomegranate flower".
【同源单词】baluster, baluster measure, baluster stem, balustered, baluster-shaft, balustrade
词根词缀：bomb-
【来源及含义】Greek > Latin [a hollow, deep sound, a humming, a buzzing] > Italian [explosive shell]: booming, humming sound
【同源单词】bomb, bombard, bombarded, bombardier, bombarding, bombardment
词根词缀：caval-
【来源及含义】Latin: horse
【相关描述】From Latin caballus, "a horseman"; by extension, "a gentleman serving as a lady's escort". Also said to mean: "an inferior horse, a nag". Italian caballeria from caballo, "horse"; French cavalerie.
【相关词根词缀】 Related horse-word units: equ-, equi-; hippo-.
【同源单词】cavalcade, cavalier, cavalier, cavallard, cavalry, cavalry
词根词缀：-esque
【来源及含义】from Proto-Germanic -iskaz, Vulgar Latin -iscus, Italian -esco, and then French -esque: a suffix forming adjuectives and indicating "resemblance, style, manner, or distinctive character, etc., of"
【同源单词】arabesque, arboresque, Bunyanesque, burlesque, centauresque, gigantesque
词根词缀：galvano-, galvan-
【来源及含义】Named after the Italian physician and physicist who investigated the nature and effects of what he conceived to be electricity in animal tissue; who in 1762 discovered and first described voltaic electricity; electric currents; and primarily, direct electrical current.
【相关词根词缀】 A cross reference of word units that are related, directly and/or indirectly, with "electricity": electro-; hodo-; ion-; piezo-; -tron; volt; biomechatronics, info; mechatronics, info.
【同源单词】electrolysis, Galvani, galvanic, galvanic battery, galvanic corrosion, galvanic couple
词根词缀：-ian
【来源及含义】Latin: suffix form of -an from -ianus, a modifier of the main word to which it is attached: belonging to, coming from, being involved in, or being like something
【相关描述】Appearing in such words as comedian, egalitarian, Bostonian, Italian, Smithsonian, mathematician, Alabamian, Californian, Arizonian, and Canadian. It is attached to the root of common or proper nouns with the meanings "of, pertaining to, from", or "like" the proper name appearing in the stem.
【同源单词】abecedarian, academician, acanthopterygian, acararian, acoustician, aeolian
词根词缀：-littoral
【来源及含义】Latin > Italian: a suffix; seashore; pertaining to the seashore
【同源单词】bathylittoral, circalittoral, eulittoral, infralittoral, littoral, littoral zone