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ascend [ascend 词源字典]: ascend: see descend
[ascend etymology, ascend origin, 英语词源]
descend: descend: [13] Etymologically, descend means ‘climb down’. Like its opposite, ascend [14], it comes ultimately from Latin scandere ‘climb’, which also produced English scan and scansion and is related to echelon, escalate, scale ‘set of graduated marks’, scandal, and slander. The Latin verb was a product of the Indo-European base *skand- ‘jump’.
=> ascend, echelon, escalate, scale, scan, scandal, slander
ascend (v.): late 14c., from Latin ascendere "to climb up, mount, ascend," figuratively "to rise, reach," from ad- "to" (see ad-) + scandere "to climb" (see scan (v.)). Also in 15c. used with a sense "to mount (a female) for copulation." Related: Ascended; ascending. An Old English word for it was stigan.
ascendance (n.): 1742, from ascend + -ance. Properly "the act of ascending," but used from the start in English as a synonym of ascendancy.
ascendancy (n.): 1712; see ascendant + -cy.
ascendant (adj.): late 14c., ascendent, astrological use is earliest, from Middle French ascendant (noun and adjective) and directly from Latin ascendentem (nominative ascendans), present participle of ascendere "to mount, ascend, go up" (see ascend). Sense "moving upward, rising" is recorded from 1590s. In the ascendant "ruling, dominant" (not, as is often thought, "rising") is from 1670s.
ascendency (n.): alternative spelling of ascendancy (see -ance).
condescend (adj.): mid-14c., "to yield deferentially," from Old French condescendere (14c.) "to agree, consent, give in, yield," from Late Latin condescendere "to let oneself down," from Latin com- "together" (see com-) + descendere "descend" (see descend). Sense of "to sink willingly to equal terms with inferiors" is from mid-15c.
condescendence (n.): 1630s, from French condescendance, from condescendre, from Latin condescendere (see condescend).
condescending (adj.): 1707, present participle adjective from condescend. Originally in a positive sense (of God, the Savior, etc.) until late 18c. Related: Condescendingly (1650s).
crescendo (n.): 1776 as a musical term, from Italian crescendo "increasing," from Latin crescendo, ablative of gerund of crescere "to increase" (see crescent). Figurative use is from 1785. As a verb, from 1900.
decrescendo (n.): 1806, from Italian decrescendo, from Latin decrescere (see decrease (v.)).
descend (v.): c. 1300, from Old French descendre (10c.) "descend, dismount; fall into; originate in," from Latin descendere "come down, descend, sink," from de- "down" (see de-) + scandere "to climb," from PIE root *skand- "jump" (see scan (v.)). Sense of "originate" is late 14c. in English. Related: Descended; descending.
descendant: mid-15c. (adj.), c. 1600 (n.), from French descendant (13c.), present participle of descendre (see descend). Despite a tendency to use descendent for the adjective and descendant for the noun, descendant seems to be prevailing in all uses and appears 5 times more often than its rival in books printed since 1900. Compare dependant.
descendent: see descendant.
descender (n.): in typography, "part of a letter that extends below the body," 1802, agent noun from descend.
transcend (v.): mid-14c., "escape inclusion in; lie beyond the scope of," from Old French transcendre "transcend, surpass," and directly from Latin transcendere "climb over or beyond, surmount, overstep," from trans- "beyond" (see trans-) + scandere "to climb" (see scan (v.)). Meanings "be surpassing, outdo, excel; surmount, move beyond" are from early 15c. Related: Transcended; transcending.
transcendence (n.): c. 1600, from transcendent + -ence, or else from Medieval Latin transcendentia, from Latin transcendentem. Related: Transcendency.
transcendent (adj.): mid-15c., from Latin transcendentem (nominative transcendens) "surmounting, rising above," present participle of transcendere (see transcend). Related: Transcendently.
transcendental (adj.): 1660s, from Medieval Latin transcendentalis, from Latin transcendentem (see transcendent). Related: Transcendentally. Transcendental meditation attested by 1966.
transcendentalism (n.): 1803, in reference to Kant, later to Schelling; 1842 in reference to the New England religio-philosophical movement among American followers of Schelling; from transcendental + -ism.
transcendentalist (n.): 1803, from transcendental + -ist.
redescend: "To go or come down again", Late 16th cent.; earliest use found in Thomas Middleton (d. 1627), playwright. From re- + descend.