quword 趣词
Word Origins Dictionary
- revere[revere 词源字典]
- revere: [17] Revere goes back ultimately to Latin verērī ‘hold in awe or fear’, a possible distant relative of English aware and beware. Addition of the intensive prefix re- produced reverērī, which English probably acquired via French révérer. The derivative reverend [15], which comes from the Latin gerundive reverendus ‘to be revered’, has been used from earliest times as a title of respect for clergymen. That was for long a common application of reverent [14] too, which came from the Latin present participial stem reverent-.
[revere etymology, revere origin, 英语词源] - fetish (n.)
- "material object regarded with awe as having mysterious powers or being the representative of a deity that may be worshipped through it," 1610s, fatisso, from Portuguese feitiço "charm, sorcery, allurement," noun use of an adjective meaning "artificial."
The Portuguese adjective is from Latin facticius "made by art, artificial," from facere "to make, do, produce, etc." (see factitious, and compare French factice "artificial," restored from Old French faitise, from Latin facticius). Via the French word, Middle English had fetis, fetice (adj.) "cleverly made, neat, elegant" (of things), "handsome, pretty, neat" (of persons). But in the Middle Ages the Romanic derivatives of the word took on magical senses; compare Portuguese feiticeria "sorcery, witchcraft," feiticeiro "sorcerer, wizard." Latin facticius in Spanish has become hechizo "artificial, imitated," also "bewitchment, fascination."
The specific Portuguese use of the word that brought it to English probably began among Portuguese sailors and traders who used the word as a name for charms and talismans worshipped by the inhabitants of the Guinea coast of Africa. It was picked up and popularized in anthropology by Charles de Brosses' "Du culte des dieux fétiches" (1760), which influenced the word's spelling in English (French fétiche also is borrowed 18c. from the Portuguese word).
Any material image of a religious idea is an idol; a material object in which force is supposed to be concentrated is a Fetish; a material object, or a class of material objects, plants, or animals, which is regarded by man with superstitious respect, and between whom and man there is supposed to exist an invisible but effective force, is a Totem. [J. Fitzgerald Lee, "The Greater Exodus," London, 1903]
Figurative sense of "something irrationally revered, object of blind devotion" appears to be an extension made by the New England Transcendentalists (1837). For sexual sense (1897), see fetishism. - myth (n.)
- 1830, from French Mythe (1818) and directly from Modern Latin mythus, from Greek mythos "speech, thought, story, myth, anything delivered by word of mouth," of unknown origin.
Myths are "stories about divine beings, generally arranged in a coherent system; they are revered as true and sacred; they are endorsed by rulers and priests; and closely linked to religion. Once this link is broken, and the actors in the story are not regarded as gods but as human heroes, giants or fairies, it is no longer a myth but a folktale. Where the central actor is divine but the story is trivial ... the result is religious legend, not myth." [J. Simpson & S. Roud, "Dictionary of English Folklore," Oxford, 2000, p.254]
General sense of "untrue story, rumor" is from 1840. - ophidian (adj.)
- "pertaining to snakes," 1883, from Greek ophidion, diminutive of ophis "serpent" (see ophio-). Hence, ophiolatry "serpent-worship" (1862), and the 2c. sect of the Ophitæ, who revered the serpent as the symbol of divine wisdom.
- revere (v.)
- 1660s, from French révérer, from Latin revereri "revere, fear" (see reverence (n.), which also was the earlier form of the verb). Related: Revered; revering.
- terrible (adj.)
- late 14c., "causing terror, awe, or dread; frightful," from Old French terrible (12c.), from Latin terribilis "frightful," from terrere "fill with fear," from PIE root *tres- "to tremble" (cognates: Sanskrit trasati "trembles," Avestan tarshta "feared, revered," Greek treëin "to tremble," Lithuanian trišeti "to tremble," Old Church Slavonic treso "I shake," Middle Irish tarrach "timid"). Weakened sense of "very bad, awful" is first attested 1590s.
- omi (1)
- "In early imperial Japan: (a hereditary title for) the head of clan or family that claimed imperial ancestry, who usually also served as a high-ranking official in the Yamato court", Late 19th century; earliest use found in Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan. From Japanese omi clan chieftain (720 in Nihon-shoki, the Chronicles of Japan), fused compound of uncertain origin. Perhaps a contraction of ō-mi (from ō- great + -mi revered being, god (from (i)mi, nominalized stem of imu to shun)), but frequently apprehended as from ō- + mi body, person.