英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

calorie (n.)[calorie 词源字典]: 1866, from French calorie, from Latin calor (genitive caloris) "heat," from PIE *kle-os-, suffixed form of root *kele- (1) "warm" (cognates: Latin calidus "warm," calere "be hot;" Sanskrit carad- "harvest," literally "hot time;" Lithuanian silti "become warm," silus "August;" Old Norse hlær, Old English hleow "warm").

In scientific use, largely replaced 1950 by the joule. As a unit of energy, defined as "heat required to raise 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius" (the small or gram calorie), but also as "heat required to raise 1 kilogram of water 1 degree Celsius" (the large calorie or kilocalorie).[calorie etymology, calorie origin, 英语词源]
credo (n.): late 12c., from Latin, literally "I believe," first word of the Apostles' and Nicene Creeds, first person singular present indicative of credere "to believe," from PIE compound *kerd-dhe- "to believe," literally "to put one's heart" (cognates: Old Irish cretim, Irish creidim, Welsh credu "I believe," Sanskrit śrad-dhā- "faith"), from PIE root *kerd- (1) "heart" (see heart (n.)). The nativized form is creed. General sense of "formula or statement of belief" is from 1580s.
radish (n.): late Old English rædic "radish," from Latin radicem (nominative radix) "root, radish," from PIE root *wrad- "twig, root" (cognates: Greek rhiza, Lesbian brisda "root;" Greek hradamnos "branch;" Gothic waurts, Old English wyrt; Welsh gwridd, Old Irish fren "root"). Spelling perhaps influenced by Old French radise, variant of radice, from Vulgar Latin *radicina, from radicem.
rhizome (n.): 1832, from Modern Latin rhizoma, from Greek rhizoma "mass of tree roots," from rhizoun "cause to strike root, root into the ground, plant," from rhiza "root," probably from PIE *wrad- "branch, root" (cognates: Latin radix "root," Old Norse rot "root," Old English wyrt "plant, herb;" see radish).
root (n.): "underground part of a plant," late Old English rot, from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse rot "root," figuratively "cause, origin," from Proto-Germanic *wrot (cognates: Old English wyrt "root, herb, plant," Old High German wurz, German Wurz "a plant," Gothic waurts "a root," with characteristic Scandinavian loss of -w- before -r-), from PIE *wrad- (see radish (n.), and compare wort). The usual Old English words for "root" were wyrttruma and wyrtwala.

Figurative use is from c. 1200. Of teeth, hair, etc., from early 13c. Mathematical sense is from 1550s. Philological sense from 1520s. Slang meaning "penis" is recorded from 1846. In U.S. black use, "a spell effected by magical properties of roots," 1935. To take root is from 1530s. Root beer, made from the extracts of various roots, first recorded 1841, American English; root doctor is from 1821. Root cap is from 1875.
tetrad (n.): "the number four, collection of four things," 1650s, from Greek tetras (comb. form tetrad-) "group of four, number four" (see tetra-).
wort (n.): "a plant," Old English wyrt "root, herb, vegetable, plant, spice," from Proto-Germanic *wurtiz (cognates: Old Saxon wurt, Old Norse, Danish urt, Old High German wurz "plant, herb," German Wurz, Gothic waurts, Old Norse rot "root"), from PIE root *wrad- "twig, root" (see radish). St. John's wort attested from 15c.