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botulism [botulism 词源字典]: botulism: [19] The fact that Latin botulus was used metaphorically for ‘intestine’ is in this case just a red herring; its principal meaning was ‘sausage’, and it was the discovery of the foodpoisoning germ in cooked meats, such assausages, which led to the term botulism. Early work on unmasking the bacterium responsible (now known as Clostridium botulinum) was done in Germany, and at first the German form of the word, botulismus, was used in English, but by the late 1880s we find the naturalized botulism fairly well established.
[botulism etymology, botulism origin, 英语词源]
bowel: bowel: [13] Bowel comes via Old French buel or bouel from Latin botellus ‘small intestine, sausage’, a diminutive form of botulus ‘sausage’. The term botulism ‘food poisoning’ was coined on the basis that the toxin responsible for it was originally found in sausages and other preserved meats.
=> botulism
alcoholism (n.): "disease of alcohol addiction," 1852, from alcohol + -ism, or else from Modern Latin alcoholismus, coined in 1852 by Swedish professor of medicine Magnus Huss (1807-1890) to mean what we now would call "alcohol poisoning." In earlier times, alcoholism would have been habitual drunkenness or some such term.
attercop (n.): "spider," Old English attorcoppe, literally "poison-head," from ator "poison, venom," from Proto-Germanic *aitra- "poisonous ulcer" (cognates: Old Norse eitr, Old High German eitar "poison;" German eiter "pus," Old High German eiz "abscess, boil;" Old English atorcræft "art of poisoning") + copp "top, summit, round head," probably also "spider" (compare cobweb and Dutch spinne-cop "spider").
Amptes & attircoppes & suche oþer þat ben euere bisy ben maide to schewe man ensaumple of stodye & labour. [Elucidarium of Honorius of Autun (Wycliffite version) c. 1400]
botulism (n.): 1878, from German Botulismus (1878), coined in German from Latin botulus "sausage" (see bowel) + -ismus suffix of action or state (see -ism). Sickness first traced to eating tainted sausage (sausage poisoning was an old name for it).
carrot (n.): 1530s, from Middle French carrotte, from Latin carota, from Greek karoton "carrot," probably from PIE *kre-, from root *ker- (1) "horn, head" (see horn (n.)); so called for its horn-like shape. Originally white-rooted and a medicinal plant to the ancients, who used it as an aphrodisiac and to prevent poisoning. Not entirely distinguished from parsnips in ancient times. Reintroduced in Europe by Arabs c. 1100. The orange carrot, which existed perhaps as early as 6c., probably began as a mutation of the Asian purple carrot and was cultivated into the modern edible plant 16c.-17c. in the Netherlands. Thus the word is used as a color name but not before 1670s in English, originally of red hair.
food (n.): Middle English foode, fode, from Old English foda "food, nourishment; fuel," also figurative, from Proto-Germanic *fodon (cognates: Swedish föda, Danish föde, Gothic fodeins), from Germanic *fod- "food," from PIE *pat-, extended form of root *pa- "to tend, keep, pasture, to protect, to guard, to feed" (cognates: Greek pateisthai "to feed;" Latin pabulum "food, fodder," panis "bread," pasci "to feed," pascare "to graze, pasture, feed," pastor "shepherd," literally "feeder;" Avestan pitu- "food;" Old Church Slavonic pasti "feed cattle, pasture;" Russian pishcha "food").

Food-chain is from 1917. Food-poisoning attested by 1864; food-processor in the kitchen appliance sense from 1973; food-stamp (n.) is from 1962.
infection (n.): late 14c., "infectious disease; contaminated condition;" from Old French infeccion "contamination, poisoning" (13c.) and directly from Late Latin infectionem (nominative infectio), noun of action from past participle stem of Latin inficere (see infect). Meaning "communication of disease by agency of air or water" (distinguished from contagion, which is body-to-body communication), is from 1540s.
intoxication (n.): c. 1400, intoxigacion "poisoning," from Medieval Latin intoxicationem (nominative intoxicatio) "poisoning," noun of action from past participle stem of intoxicare (see intoxicate). Meaning "drunkenness" is from 1640s.
pharmacy (n.): late 14c., "a medicine," from Old French farmacie "a purgative" (13c.), from Medieval Latin pharmacia, from Greek pharmakeia "use of drugs, medicines, potions, or spells; poisoning, witchcraft; remedy, cure," from pharmakeus (fem. pharmakis) "preparer of drugs, poisoner, sorcerer" from pharmakon "drug, poison, philter, charm, spell, enchantment." Meaning "use or administration of drugs" is attested from c. 1400; that of "place where drugs are prepared and dispensed" is first recorded 1833. The ph- was restored 16c. in French, 17c. in English (see ph).
poison (v.): "to give poison to; kill with poison," c. 1300, from Old French poisonner "to give to drink," and directly from poison (n.). Figuratively from late 14c. Related: Poisoned; poisoning.
toxemia (n.): "blood-poisoning," also toxaemia, 1848, from toxo- (before vowels tox-, comb. form of Greek toxon (see toxic)) + Greek haima "blood" (see -emia).
toxaemia: "Blood poisoning by toxins from a local bacterial infection", Mid 19th century: from toxi- + -aemia.
acrodynia: "A disorder characterized by swelling and pain or paraesthesia of the hands and feet, with gastrointestinal and various other symptoms, probably resulting from mercury poisoning but originally also attributed to ergotism or arsenic poisoning; (in later use) specifically = pink disease", Mid 19th cent. After French acrodynie.
campylobacter: "A bacterium which may cause abortion in animals and food poisoning in humans", 1970s: modern Latin, from Greek kampulos 'bent' + bacterium.
septicaemia: "Blood poisoning, especially that caused by bacteria or their toxins", Mid 19th century: modern Latin, from Greek sēptikos + haima 'blood'.
picrotoxin: "A bitter compound used to stimulate the respiratory and nervous system, especially in treating barbiturate poisoning", Mid 19th century: from Greek pikros 'bitter' + toxin.
acetylcysteine: "An acetylated form of the amino acid cysteine, which is an antioxidant used as a mucolytic agent and in the treatment of paracetamol poisoning", 1930s; earliest use found in Journal of the American Chemical Society. From acetyl + cysteine.
dinoflagellate: "A single-celled organism with two flagella, occurring in large numbers in marine plankton and also found in fresh water. Some produce toxins that can accumulate in shellfish, resulting in poisoning when eaten", Late 19th century (as an adjective): from modern Latin Dinoflagellata (plural), from Greek dinos 'whirling' + Latin flagellum 'small whip' (see flagellum).