英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

accomplice [accomplice 词源字典]: accomplice: [15] This word was borrowed into English (from French) as complice (and complice stayed in common usage until late in the 19th century). It comes from Latin complex, which is related to English complicated, and originally meant simply ‘an associate’, without any pejorative associations. The form accomplice first appears on the scene in the late 15th century (the first record of it is in William Caxton’s Charles the Great), and it probably arose through a misanalysis of complice preceded by the indefinite article (a complice) as acomplice. It may also have been influenced by accomplish or accompany.
=> complicated[accomplice etymology, accomplice origin, 英语词源]
complicate: complicate: see ply
duplicate: duplicate: [15] Like its close relative double, duplicate comes ultimately from Latin duplus ‘two-fold’, a compound adjective based on Latin duo ‘two’ and an Indo-European element *plwhich denoted ‘folding’ (it is present also in English fold and ply). English acquired this in the 16th century, and its synonym duplex (based on the extended stem *plic-) in the 19th century. In Latin, duplus formed the basis of a verb duplicāre ‘make twofold, double’, from whose past participle English gets duplicate, while duplex has given us duplicity [15].
=> double, duplicity, fold, ply, two
explicit: explicit: [17] Something that is explicit has literally been ‘unfolded’. Like the earlier borrowing explicate [16], the word comes from the past participle of Latin explicāre, a compound verb formed from the prefix ex- ‘un-’ and plicāre ‘fold’ (source of English ply and related to English fold). At first, in the 16th and 17th centuries, English retained the literal sense of the original, but gradually it dropped out in favour of the metaphorical ‘make clear, distinct, and open’ (already present in Latin).
=> exploit, fold, ply
implicate: implicate: see employ
supplicate: supplicate: [15] Someone who supplicates is etymologically ‘bending or folding up underneath’ – hence ‘kneeling down to pray’. The word comes from the past participle of Latin supplicāre, a compound verb formed from the prefix sub- ‘down, underneath’ and plicāre ‘fold’ (a relative of English fold). Also formed from sub- and the base *plic- was Latin supplex ‘bending under’, hence ‘submissive’, from which English gets supple [13].
=> complicate, fold, ply, supple
accomplice (n.): 1580s (earlier complice, late 15c.), from Old French complice "a confederate," from Late Latin complicem (nominative complex) "partner, confederate," from Latin complicare "fold together" (see complicate). With parasitic a- on model of accomplish, etc., or perhaps by assimilation of indefinite article in phrase a complice.
applicability (n.): 1650s, from applicable + -ity.
applicable (adj.): 1560s, "pliable," with -able + Latin applicare (see apply). Meaning "capable of being applied" is from 1650s; earlier in this sense was appliable (mid-15c.).
applicant (n.): "one who applies," late 15c., from Latin applicantem (nominative applicans), present participle of applicare (see apply).
application (n.): early 15c., "the bringing of something to bear on something else," from Old French aplicacion (14c.), from Latin applicationem (nominative applicatio) "a joining to, an attaching oneself to," noun of action from past participle stem of applicare (see apply). Meaning "sincere hard effort" is from c. 1600. Meaning "a formal request to be hired for a job or paid position" is by 1851.
biplicity (n.): 1731; see bi- + ending from multiplicity. A useful and non-pejorative alternative to duplicity.
complicate (v.): 1620s, "to intertwine" (as a past participle adjective, early 15c.), from Latin complicatus "folded together; confused, intricate," past participle of complicare (see complication). Meaning "to make more complex" is recorded from 1832, from earlier sense "to combine in a complex way" (17c.). Related: Complicated; complicating.
complicated (adj.): 1640s, "tangled," from past participle adjective from complicate. Figurative meaning "not easy to solve, intricate, confused, difficult to unravel" is from 1650s.
complication (n.): early 15c., from Middle French complication, from Latin complicationem (nominative complicatio), noun of action from past participle stem of complicare "to fold together, fold up, roll up," from com- "together" (see com-) + plicare "to fold, weave" (see ply (v.1)). Meaning "something that complicates" first recorded 1903.
complicity (n.): 1650s, from French complicité, from Old French complice "accomplice, comrade, companion" (14c.), from Late Latin complicem, accusative of complex "partner, confederate," from Latin complicare "to fold together" (see complicate; also compare accomplice).
duplicate (adj.): mid-15c., "having two parts, double," from Latin duplicatus, past participle of duplicare "to double," from duo "two" (see two) + plicare "to fold" see ply (v.1)). Meaning "exactly corresponding, that is an exact copy of" is from 1812.
duplicate (v.): 1620s, "to double," from Latin duplicatus, past participle of duplicare (see duplicate (adj.)). Meaning "make an exact copy" is from 1640s (implied in duplicated). Related: Duplicating. The noun is first recorded 1530s.
duplication (n.): early 15c., "doubling," from Middle French duplicacion (13c.) and directly from Latin duplicationem (nominative duplicatio), noun of action from past participle stem of duplicare (see duplicate (adj.)). Meaning "repetition" is from 1580s.
duplicative (adj.): 1870; see duplicate (v.) + -ive.
duplicitous (adj.): 1831; see duplicity + -ous.
duplicity (n.): early 15c., from Old French duplicite (13c.), from Late Latin duplicitatem (nominative duplicitas) "doubleness," in Medieval Latin "ambiguity," noun of quality from duplex (genitive duplicis) "twofold." The notion is of being "double" in one's conduct (compare Greek diploos "treacherous, double-minded," literally "twofold, double").
explicable (adj.): 1550s, from or modeled on Latin explicabilis "capable of being unraveled, that may be explained," from explicare "unfold; explain" (see explicit). Middle English had a verb expliken "explain, interpret" (mid-15c.).
explicate (v.): "give a detailed account of," 1530s, from Latin explicatus, past participle of explicare "unfold, unravel, explain" (see explicit). Related: Explicated; explicating.
explication (n.): 1520s, from Middle French explication, from Latin explicationem (nominative explicatio), noun of action from past participle stem of explicare "unfold; explain" (see explicit).
explicative (adj.): 1640s, "having the function of explaining," from Latin explicativus, from explicat-, past participle stem of explicare "unfold; explain" (see explicit). As a noun, from 1775.
explicit (adj.): 1610s, "open to the understanding, not obscure or ambiguous," from French explicite, from Latin explicitus "unobstructed," variant past participle of explicare "unfold, unravel, explain," from ex- "out" (see ex-) + plicare "to fold" (see ply (v.1)). As a euphemism for "pornographic" it dates from 1971. Related: Explicitness. "Explicitus" was written at the end of medieval books, originally short for explicitus est liber "the book is unrolled."
explicitly (adv.): 1630s, from explicit + -ly (2). Opposed to implicitly.
implicate (v.): early 15c., "to convey in a fable;" c. 1600, "intertwine, wreathe," from Latin implicatus, past participle of implicare "to involve, entwine" (see implication). Meaning "involve a person in a crime, charge, etc.," is from 1797. Related: Implicated; implicating.
implication (n.): early 15c., "action of entangling," from Latin implicationem (nominative implicatio) "interweaving, entanglement," from past participle stem of implicare "involve, entangle, connect closely," from assimilated form of in- "into, in, on, upon" (see in- (2)) + plicare "to fold" (see ply (v.1)). Meaning "something implied (but not expressed)" is from 1550s.
implications (n.): see implication.
implicit: 1590s, from Middle French implicite and directly from Latin implicitus, later variant of implicatus, past participle of implicare (see implication).
implicitly (adv.): c. 1600, from implicit + -ly (2).
inapplicable (adj.): 1650s, from in- (1) "not, opposite of" + applicable. Related: Inapplicably; inapplicability.
inexplicable (adj.): early 15c., from Middle French inexplicable or directly from Latin inexplicabilis "that cannot be unfolded or disentangled, very intricate," figuratively, "inexplicable," from in- "not, opposite of" (see in- (1)) + explicabilis "that may be explained" (see explicable). Related: Inexplicably.
inexplicit (adj.): 1775 (implied in inexplicitly), from in- (1) "not, opposite of" + explicit. Or else from Latin inexplicitus "not to be unfolded; unexplained." Related: Inexplicitly; inexplicitness.
misapplication (n.): c. 1600, from mis- (1) + application.
multiplicable (adj.): late 15c., from Latin multiplicabilis "manifold," from multiplicare (see multiply). Alternative multipliable is recorded from 1620s.
multiplicand (n.): "number to be multiplied by another number," 1590s, from Latin multiplicandus "to be multiplied," gerundive of multiplicare (see multiply).
multiplication (n.): mid-14c., from Old French multiplicacion (12c.) "multiplication, duplication; multiplicity, diversity," from Latin multiplicationem (nominative multiplicatio), noun of action from past participle stem of multiplicare (see multiply). Mathematical sense is attested from late 14c.
multiplicative (adj.): 1650s, from Medieval Latin multiplicativus, from multiplicat-, past participle stem of multiplicare (see multiply).
multiplicity (n.): mid-15c., from Middle French multiplicité, from Late Latin multiplicitas "manifoldness, multiplicity," from Latin multiplic- (see multiple). Related: Multiplicitous.
quadruplicate (adj.): 1650s, from Latin quadruplicatus, past participle of quadruplicare "make fourfold," from quadri- "four" (see quadri-) + plicare "to fold" (see ply (v.1)).
quadruplicate (v.): 1660s, from Latin quadruplicatus, past participle of quadruplicare "make fourfold," from quadri- "four" (see quadri-) + plicare "to fold" (see ply (v.1)). Related: Quadruplicated; quadruplicating.
quadruplication (n.): 1570s, from Latin quadruplicationem (nominative quadruplicatio), noun of action from past participle stem of quadruplicare (see quadruplicate (v.)).
reduplicate (v.): 1560s, from Medieval Latin reduplicatus, past participle of reduplicare "to redouble," from re- "back, again" (see re-) + Latin duplicare "to double" (see duplicate (adj.)). Related: Reduplicated; reduplicating; reduplicative.
reduplication (n.): 1580s, from French réduplication (16c.), from Late Latin reduplicationem (nominative reduplicatio), noun of action from past participle stem of reduplicare (see reduplicate).
replica (n.): 1824, from Italian replica "copy, repetition, reply," from replicare "to duplicate," from Latin replicare "to repeat" (see reply (v.)). Properly, a copy of a work of art made by the original artist.
replicable (adj.): 1520s, "that may be replied to," from Latin stem of reply + -able. Meaning "that may be duplicated" is from 1953, from replicate (v.). Related: Replicability.
replicate (v.): early 15c., "repeat," from Latin replicatus, past participle of replicare (see reply). Meaning "to copy, reproduce, make a replica of" is from 1882, a back-formation from replication. Genetic sense is first recorded 1957. Related: Replicated; replicating.