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dialysis [dialysis 词源字典]: dialysis: [16] As in the case of its close relative analysis, the underlying etymological notion contained in dialysis is of undoing or loosening, so that the component parts are separated. The word comes ultimately from Greek diálusis, a derivative of dialúein ‘tear apart’; this was a compound verb formed from the prefix dia- ‘apart’ and lúein ‘loosen, free’ (related to English less, loose, lose, and loss).

In Greek it meant simply ‘separation’, but it was borrowed into English, via Latin dialysis, as a rhetorical term denoting a set of propositions without a connecting conjunction. The chemical sense, ‘separation of molecules or particles’ (from which the modern application to ‘renal dialysis’ comes), was introduced in the 1860s by the chemist Thomas Graham (1805–69).
=> analysis, less, loose, lose, loss[dialysis etymology, dialysis origin, 英语词源]
macromolecule: 1886, from macro- + molecule. Apparently coined in "On Macro-molecules, with the Determinations of the Form of Some of Them," by Anglo-Irish physicist G. Johnstone Stoney (1826â1911). Originally of crystals. Meaning "molecule composed of many atoms" is from 1935, from German makromolekul (1922). Related: Macromolecular.
poly-: word-forming element meaning "many, much, multi-, one or more," from Greek poly-, combining form of polys "much" (plural polloi); cognate with Latin plus, from PIE root *pele- (1) "to fill," with derivatives referring to multitudinousness or abundance (cognates: Sanskrit purvi "much," prayah "mostly;" Avestan perena-, Old Persian paru "much;" Greek plethos "people, multitude, great number," polys "much, plenty," ploutos "wealth;" Lithuanian pilus "full, abundant;" Old Church Slavonic plunu; Gothic filu "much," Old Norse fjöl-, Old English fela, feola "much, many;" Old English folgian; Old Irish lan, Welsh llawn "full;" Old Irish il, Welsh elu "much"); probably related to root *pele- (2) "to spread."

Properly used in compounds only with words of Greek origin. In chemical names, usually indicating a compound with a large number of atoms or molecules of the same kind (such as polymer).
polymer (n.): a substance built from a large number of simple molecules of the same kind, 1855, probably from German Polymere (Berzelius, 1830), from Greek polymeres "having many parts," from polys "many" (see poly-) + meros "part" (see merit (n.)).
steroid (n.): naturally occuring substance based on a carbon skeleton similar to that of sterol molecules, 1936, from sterol + -oid "resembling." Related: Steroids.
micelle: "An aggregate of molecules in a colloidal solution, such as those formed by detergents", Late 19th century: coined as a diminutive of Latin mica 'crumb'.
porphyrin: "Any of a class of pigments (including haem and chlorophyll) whose molecules contain a flat ring of four linked heterocyclic groups, sometimes with a central metal atom", Early 20th century: from Greek porphura 'purple' + -in¹.
haem: "An iron-containing compound of the porphyrin class which forms the non-protein part of haemoglobin and some other biological molecules", 1920s: back-formation from haemoglobin.
Brownian motion: "The erratic random movement of microscopic particles in a fluid, as a result of continuous bombardment from molecules of the surrounding medium", Late 19th century: named after Robert Brown (1773–1858), the Scottish botanist who first observed the motion.
acetal: "An organic compound formed by the condensation of two alcohol molecules with an aldehyde molecule", Mid 19th century: from acetic acid + al from alcohol.
clathrate: "A compound in which molecules of one component are physically trapped within the crystal structure of another", 1940s: from Latin clathratus, from clathri 'lattice bars', from Greek klēthra.
sorbent: "A substance which has the property of collecting molecules of another substance by sorption", Early 20th century: from sorb 'take up by sorption', on the pattern of absorbent.
cryopump: "A vacuum pump in which molecules of gases and vapours are trapped by causing them to condense on a surface maintained at a very low temperature", 1950s; earliest use found in Compressed Air Magazine. From cryo- + pump.
enantiomer: "Each of a pair of molecules that are mirror images of each other", 1930s: from Greek enantios 'opposite' + -mer.