英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

linguist [linguist 词源字典]: linguist: see language
[linguist etymology, linguist origin, 英语词源]
bilingual (adj.): 1818, from bi- + lingual. Latin bilinguis meant literally "two-tongued," and, figuratively, "speaking a jumble of languages," also "double-tongued, hypocritical, false."
bilingualism (n.): 1873, from bilingual + -ism.
cunnilingus (n.): 1887, from Latin cunnus "vulva" (see cunt) + lingere "to lick" (see lick (v.)). The Latin properly would mean "one who licks a vulva," but it is used in English in reference to the action, not the actor. The verb ought to be *cunnilingue.
Cunnilingus was a very familiar manifestation in classical times; ... it tends to be especially prevalent at all periods of high civilization. [Havelock Ellis, 1905]
lingua franca (n.): 1620s, from Italian, literally "Frankish tongue." Originally a form of communication used in the Levant, a stripped-down Italian peppered with Spanish, French, Greek, Arabic, and Turkish words. The name is probably from the Arabic custom, dating back to the Crusades, of calling all Europeans Franks (see Frank). Sometimes in 17c. English sources also known as Bastard Spanish.
lingual (adj.): 1640s, from Medieval Latin lingualis "of the tongue," from Latin lingua "tongue," also "speech, language," from Old Latin dingua, from PIE *dnghu- "tongue" (cognates: Old English tunge, Gothic tuggo "tongue;" see tongue). Altered in Latin probably in part by association with lingere "to lick."
linguine (n.): 1948, from Italian linguine, plural of linguina "little tongue," diminutive of lingua "tongue," from Latin lingua "tongue" (see lingual).
linguist (n.): 1580s, "a master of language, one who uses his tongue freely," a hybrid from Latin lingua "language, tongue" (see lingual) + -ist. Meaning "a student of language" first attested 1640s.
linguistic (adj.): 1856, from French linguistique (1833); see linguist + -ic. The use of linguistic to mean "of or pertaining to language or languages" is "hardly justifiable etymologically," according to OED, but "has arisen because lingual suggests irrelevant associations." Related: linguistically.
linguistics (n.): "the science of languages," 1847; see linguistic; also see -ics.
multilingual (adj.): also multi-lingual, 1838, from multi- + Latin lingua "language," literally "tongue" (see lingual). Related: Multilingually; multilingualism.
sublingual (adj.): 1660s; see sub- + lingual. Compare French sublingual (15c.). Related: Sublingually.
trilingual (adj.): "involving three languages," 1834, from tri- + Latin lingua "language," literally "tongue" (see lingual). Latin trilinguis meant "triple-tongued," and was used of Cerberus.
audio-lingual: "Of a theory or approach in the teaching of foreign languages: based on a system of drills in which the student repeats or adapts model sentences delivered orally or played aloud by the teacher", 1950s; earliest use found in Naugatuck (Connecticut) Daily News. From audio- + -lingual.
linguistical: "= linguistic", Early 19th cent.; earliest use found in Sussex Weekly Advertiser. From linguist + -ical.
quadrilingual: "Written, printed, etc., in four languages; using or able to use four languages", Mid 19th cent. Compare post-classical Latin quadrilinguis in four languages.
paralinguistics: "The branch of linguistics which studies non-phonemic aspects of speech, such as tone of voice, tempo, etc.; non-phonemic characteristics of communication; paralanguage", 1950s; earliest use found in Archibald Anderson Hill (b. 1902). From para- + linguistic: see quot. 1958.
Linguaphone: "A trademark for: a language-teaching system based on the use of sound recordings in conjunction with textbooks; (also in early use) a set of equipment used for this", Early 20th cent.; earliest use found in Journal of Education. From lingua + -phone, after gramophone.
orolingual: "Of or relating to the mouth and tongue", Late 19th cent.; earliest use found in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. From oro- + -lingual.