- insular
[insular 词源字典]
- insular: see island
[insular etymology, insular origin, 英语词源] - insulin
- insulin: [20] Insulin, a hormone which promotes the utilization of blood sugar, was first isolated in 1921 by F G Banting and C H Best. Its name, which was inspired by the fact that insulin is secreted by groups of cells known as the islets of Langerhans (insula is Latin for ‘island’), was actually coined in French around 1909, and was independently proposed in English on a couple of further occasions before the substance itself was anything more than a hypothesis.
=> isle, peninsula - insult
- insult: [16] The -sult of insult comes from a word that meant ‘jump’. Its source was Latin insultāre ‘jump on’, a compound verb based on saltāre ‘jump’. This was a derivative of salīre ‘jump’, source in one way or another of English assail, assault, desultory, salacious, and salient. Old French took insultāre over as insulter and used it for ‘triumph over in an arrogant way’. This was how the word was originally used in English, but at the beginning of the 17th century the now familiar sense ‘abuse’ (which had actually developed first in the Latin verb) was introduced.
=> assail, assault, desultory, salacious, salient - peninsula
- peninsula: see island
- insula (n.)
- Latin, literally "an island" (also, in ancient Rome, "a block of buildings"); see isle.
- insular (adj.)
- 1610s, "of or pertaining to an island," from Late Latin insularis, from Latin insula "island" (see isle). Metaphoric sense "narrow, prejudiced" is 1775, from notion of being cut off from intercourse with other nations, especially with reference to the situation of Great Britain. Earlier adjective in the literal sense was insulan (mid-15c.), from Latin insulanus.
- insularity (n.)
- 1755, "narrowness of feelings," from insular + -ity. Literal sense attested from 1790.
- insulate (v.)
- 1530s, "make into an island," from Latin insulatus, from insula (see insular). Sense of "cause a person or thing to be detached from surroundings" is from 1785. Electrical/chemical sense of "block from electricity or heat" is from 1742. Related: Insulated; insulating.
- insulation (n.)
- 1848, "act of making (something) into an island," noun of action from insulate. Transferred sense attested by 1798. Electrical sense is from 1767. The concrete sense of "insulating material" is recorded by 1870.
- insulator (n.)
- 1801, agent noun in Latin form from insulate.
- insulin (n.)
- 1922 (earlier insuline, 1914), coined in English from Latin insula "island," so called because the hormone is secreted by the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. Insuline was coined independently in French in 1909.
- insult (v.)
- 1560s, "triumph over in an arrogant way," from Middle French insulter (14c.) and directly from Latin insultare "to assail, to leap upon" (already used by Cicero in sense of "insult, scoff at, revile"), frequentative of insilire "leap at or upon," from in- "on, at" (see in- (2)) + salire "to leap" (see salient (adj.)). Sense of "to verbally abuse, affront, assail with disrespect" is from 1610s. Related: Insulted; insulting.
- insult (n.)
- c. 1600 in the sense of "attack;" 1670s as "an act of insulting," from Middle French insult (14c.) or directly from Late Latin insultus, from insilire (see insult (v.)). To add insult to injury translates Latin injuriae contumeliam addere.
- peninsula (n.)
- 1530s, from Latin pæninsula "a peninsula," literally "almost an island," from pæne "almost" + insula "island" (see isle). Earlier translated as demie island.
- peninsular (adj.)
- 1610s, from peninsula + -ar.