英语词源字典 - 在线词源网站

forgive [forgive 词源字典]: forgive: [OE] Forgive is what is known technically as a ‘calque’ or loan translation – that is, it was created by taking the component parts of a foreign word, translating them literally, and then putting them back together to form a new word. In this case the foreign word was Latin perdōnāre ‘forgive’ (source of English pardon), which was a compound verb formed from per- ‘thoroughly’ and dōnāre ‘give’ (its underlying sense was ‘give wholeheartedly’). These two elements were translated in prehistoric Germanic times and assembled to give *fergeban, from which have come German vergeben, Dutch vergeven, and English forgive.
=> give[forgive etymology, forgive origin, 英语词源]
try: try: [13] Try originally meant ‘separate, sift out’. It was borrowed from Old French trier ‘separate, sift’, and it has been speculated that this went back to a Vulgar Latin *trītāre, formed from the past participle of Latin terere ‘rub’ (source of English attrition, detritus, trite, etc). The notion of ‘separation’ led via ‘separating out the good’ to ‘examine, test’ and, in the 14th century, ‘attempt’. The derivative trial [16] was borrowed from Anglo-Norman after the sense ‘attempt’ developed for try in English, and so has never wholeheartedly taken over this meaning.
=> trial
broken-hearted (adj.): also brokenhearted, 1520s, from broken + hearted. Related: Broken-heartedly; broken-heartedness.
down-hearted (adj.): also downhearted, 1774 (downheartedly is attested from 1650s), a figurative image from down (adv.) + hearted.
faint-hearted (adj.): "cowardly, timorous," c. 1400, from faint (adj.) + hearted. Related: Faint-heartedly; faint-heartedness; faint-heart.
faintly (adv.): c. 1300, "dispiritedly, timidly, half-heartedly;" early 14c. "feebly, wearily, without vigor;" from faint (adj.) + -ly (2). Meaning "indistinctly" is from 1580s. Also in Middle English, "deceitfully, hypocritically, falsely" (mid-14c.).
-hearted: figurative element in combinations, "at heart," also "having a heart" (of a specified kind), c. 1200, first attested in hard-hearted; see heart (n.). Related: -heartedly.
half-hearted (adj.): also halfhearted, "showing little enthusiasm," early 15c.; see half + hearted. Related: halfheartedly; halfheartedness. English in 17c. also had half-headed "stupid."
hard-hearted (adj.): also hardhearted, "obdurate, unfeeling," c. 1200, heard-iheorted," from hard (adj.) + hearted. Sometimes in Middle English also meaning "bold, courageous" (c. 1400). Related: Hard-heartedly; hard-heartedness. In late Old English and early Middle English, hard-heort meant both "hard-hearted" (adj.) and "hard-hearted person" (n.).
kind-hearted (adj.): also kindhearted, 1530s; see kind (adj.) + hearted. Related: Kindheartedly, kindheartedness.
light-hearted (adj.): also lighthearted, "cheerful," c. 1400, from light (adj.1) + hearted. Related: Light-heartedly; light-heartedness.
pardon (n.): late 13c., "papal indulgence," from Old French pardon, from pardoner "to grant; forgive" (11c., Modern French pardonner), "to grant, forgive," from Vulgar Latin *perdonare "to give wholeheartedly, to remit," from Latin per- "through, thoroughly" (see per) + donare "give, present" (see donation).

Meaning "passing over an offense without punishment" is from c. 1300, also in the strictly ecclesiastical sense; sense of "pardon for a civil or criminal offense; release from penalty or obligation" is from late 14c. earlier in Anglo-French. Weaker sense of "excuse for a minor fault" is attested from 1540s.
soft-hearted (adj.): also softhearted, 1590s, from soft (adj.) "tender" + hearted. Related: Soft-heartedly; soft-heartedness.
wholehearted (adj.): also whole-hearted, 1840, from whole (adj.) + hearted. Related: Wholeheartedly.