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flagellation [flagellation 词源字典]: flagellation: see flail
[flagellation etymology, flagellation origin, 英语词源]
flagellant (n.): late 16c., "one who whips or scourges himself for religious discipline," from Latin flagellantem (nominative flagellans), present participle of flagellare "to scourge, lash" (see flagellum). There were notable outbreaks of it in 1260 and 1340s. As an adjective, "given to flagellation," 1880.
flagellate (v.): "to whip, scourge," 1620s, from Latin flagellatus, past participle of flagellare "to scourge, lash" (see flagellum). Related: Flagellated; flagellating. An earlier verb for this in English was flagellen (mid-15c.; see flail (v.)).
flagellate (adj.): 1851, from flagellum + -ate (1).
flagellation (n.): early 15c., "the scourging of Christ," from Old French flagellacion "scourging, flogging," or directly from Latin flagellationem (nominative flagellatio) "a scourging," noun of action from past participle stem of flagellare "to scourge, lash" (see flagellum). In a general sense from 1520s.
dinoflagellate: "A single-celled organism with two flagella, occurring in large numbers in marine plankton and also found in fresh water. Some produce toxins that can accumulate in shellfish, resulting in poisoning when eaten", Late 19th century (as an adjective): from modern Latin Dinoflagellata (plural), from Greek dinos 'whirling' + Latin flagellum 'small whip' (see flagellum).