词根：tra, tract(treat) = to draw（拉拽）
来自拉丁语trahere(=to draw),过去分词tractus，意为to draw ,变形为treat。词根tract的意思与tend正好相反，在英语中，tract 直接作为名词，意思为“一片土地”，“地带”。
同源词：
1. detract（向下拉de(=down) + tract(=draw)）
v.from + sth;sth + from + sth 降低，贬低（名声、价值等）
detraction n.诽谤，责难；减损
detractor n.责难者，诽谤者
detractive adj.诽谤的，责难的
Her excess of makeup detracts from her natural beauty. 好的浓妆有损她的自然美。
2. intractable（无法拉拽的 in(=not) + tract(=draw)）
adj.不听话的，倔强的；难以控制的，难以驾驭的
intractability n.难以控制
He died at 39,a victim of an intractable cancer. 他因癌症不治而死去，终年39岁。
3. retractable（可以向后拉的re(=back) + tract(=draw)）
adj.可以取消的，可以撤回的；伸缩自如的，可以蜷缩的，可以塞进里面的
retract v.撤回，取消；使一下子进去
retraction n.回收，撤回；蜷缩
retactile adj.可以收缩的
I bought a set of retractable awnings for all my home's windows. 我为我们家所有窗户买了一套伸缩遮阳篷。
4. entreat（在里边拉、拽 en(=in) + treat<tract (=draw)）
vt. 恳请；乞求
entreaty n.恳求，哀求
entreating adj.恳求的，乞求的
entreatingly adv.哀求地
The policeman entreated the suspect to surrender without violence. 警察恳求请嫌疑人自首投降，不要暴力反抗。
5. maltreat（不好地拉 mal (=bad) + treat<tract(=draw)）
vt. 虐待，粗暴地对待；滥用
maltreatment n.虐待；滥用
Occasionally,day care workers maltreat the children entrusted to their care. 托儿所的员工有时会粗暴地对待入托的孩子。
6. abstract
n.摘要，摘录；抽象概念 adj.抽象的 v.抽出，提取；偷 *abs<ab(=away)
abstracted adj.心不在焉的，发呆的
abstractedly adv.心不在焉地，走神地
abstract of a sermon 布道摘选
abstract metal from ore 从矿石中提炼金属
abstract a wallet from his pocket 从他的口袋里偷走钱包
7. abstraction
n.抽象；抽象概念；民不在焉 *abs<ab(=away)
with an air of abstraction 一副心不在焉的样子
in a moment of abstraction 出神的瞬间
8. attract
v.吸引，引起（注意、兴趣）；引诱 *at<ad(=near)
attract attention 引起注意
Do you feel attracted to her ? 你对她有好感吗？
9. attraction
n.吸引力；引力；吸引人的东西 *at,ad(=near)
attraction of a pretty girl 美女的魅力
attractions of a big city 大都市的各种诱惑
10. attractive
adj.吸引人的，有魅力的 *at<ad(=near)
attractive personality 有魅力的个性
a most attractive girl 非常吸引人的女孩
attractive price 吸引人的价格
11. contract
v.（使）（肌肉等）收缩；缩小，缩减；患（病）；负（债）；沾染上（不好的习惯等）；约定，订合同
n.契约，合同；承包合同 *con<com(=together)
contractual adj.合同（上）的
contractible/contractile 减少的，收缩性的
contract a muscle 使肌肉收缩
Metals contract as they become cool. 金属冷却时会收缩
I have contracted a bad cold .我得了重感冒。
contract with a firm for 1,000 tons of cement 与一家公司签订1,000吨水呢的销售合同
exchange contracts 社会契约/口头/书面合同
conditions of contract 合同条件
contract price 约定价格
breach of contract 违反合同
contract marriage 协议试婚
work on contract 按合约行事
12. contraction
n.收缩，缩短，缩小；收缩的东西；缩略形式 *con<com(=together)
the contraction of a muscle 肌肉收缩
13. contractor
n.立契约者；承包人 *con<com(=together)
general contractor 总承包人
engineering contractor 工程承包人
army contractor 军需承包商
14. extract
v.（通常指用力）拔出；榨取（果汁等）；提取；设法得到（信息等）；（从书籍、演讲中）摘录，选用 n.提炼物，浓缩物，浓缩汁，精；摘录，选萃 *ex(=out)
extract a tooth / a cork from the bottle /a bullet from a wound 拔牙/从瓶中拔出软木塞/从伤口处取出子弹
extract money /information from him 设法从他那儿弄到钱/情报
oil extracted from olives 从橄榄中提炼出油
vanilla /beef extract 香草精/浓缩牛肉
extract of mait 麦芽油
exktracts from a long poem 一首长诗的摘录部分
15. extraction
n.拔出，抽出；血统，出身 *ex(=out)
extraction of a tooth 拔牙
an American of South Korean extraction 韩裔美国人
16. protract
v. 延长，拖延（时间） *pro(=forward)
protraction n.拖延，延长
protracted visit/argument 持久的访问/争论
protracted meeting （在某一时间内持续的）信仰复兴布道会
17. protractor
n.量角器，分度规
18. subtract
v.减去，扣除 *sub (under)
6 subtracted from 9 gives 3. 9减6等于3
19. subtraction
n.减去，减法 *sub(=under)
subtrahed n.减数《subtrah = aubtract = to draw;-end 名词字尾》 cf.minuend （被减数）
Two from five is a simple subtraction. 5减2是很简单的减法。
20. tract
n.（山林、农田等）广阔土地；[解]管；（特指涉及宗教、政治等的）小册子，短文
wide tracts of desert in North Africa 北非广阔的沙漠地带
digestive /respiratory tract 消化道/呼吸道
21. tractable
adj.易驾驭的；易处理的
22. traction
n.拖拉，牵引；牵引力
electric /steam traction 电力/蒸汽牵引（力）
traction engine 牵引机车
23. tractor
n.拖拉机，牵引车（牵引农业机械或其他载重装备）
24. distrait
adj.心不在焉的，精神恍惚的 *dis (=away)
25. distraught
adj.心烦意乱的;几乎发狂的
26. entrails
n.内脏，肠，（物体的）内部
27. entrain
v.使（军队）上火车 *en(=into)
28. portray
v.画，为...画像；（用语言）描写；（在戏剧中）饰演...角色 *por<pro(=forth,forward)
portrayal n.描画；描写
29. portrait
n.肖像（画），画像，相片；（用语时行的）描写 *por<pro(=forth,forward)
portraitist n.肖像画家
portraiture n.肖像画；描写
30. trace
n.足迹，痕迹，行踪，踪迹；微量，极少量；（马车的）缰绳，挽留 v.查出...的踪迹，跟踪；探出；画轮廓；描绘；（用绘画工具）刻印；复写；（费力、细心地）写（字）；追溯，探索来由
traceable adj.可描画的，可描摹的；可追溯的；可追踪的
tracing n.描摹；追踪
traces of an ancient civilization 古代文明的踪迹
mere trace of smile 淡淡的微笑
trace of fear 一丝恐惧
trace element 微量元素
Archaeologists have traced many Roman in Britain. 考古学家们在英国发掘出很多古罗马人留下的道路。
His fear of dogs traces back to a childhood experience. 他对狗的恐惧源于他童年的经历。
31. tracer
n.映描员，描图者；追踪者
tracer bullet /shell 曳光弹
tracer element 示踪元素
32. track
n. 踪迹；小路，小劲；历程；常规；轨道
tracked adj.限制在轨道上
trackless adj.无足迹的
tracker n.追捕者
trackage n.[集合用法]铁路轨道；铁路的使用权《-age抽象名词字尾》
tracks of a rabbit 兔子的足迹
track through the forest 穿越森林的小径
the beaten track 常规，惯例
track of a comet 彗星的轨道
off the track 离题，误入歧途
single/double track 单轨/双轨（铁道）
running track 跑道
track meet 田径运动会
track system <美>分轨制（按照成绩编班）
33. tracking
n.移动或跟踪摄影；（利用雷达对火箭、导弹）追踪；按学生能力，成绩分组
tracking shot （电影、电视的）移动镜头
tracking station （对人造卫星、宇宙飞船等的）跟踪站，观测站
34. trail
n.踪迹，痕迹；拖拽物；（彗星等的）尾巴；（去或烟雾的）一缕；裙裾；（打猎中）猎物的足迹，气味；（荒野或荒地的）小径；持枪姿势 v.拖拽;（人）拖沓而行；（使烟、云等）飘出；（发丝）垂下；追随，追踪；（藤）蔓延，（草等）蔓生；立正持枪
vapor trails （高空中飞行的飞机留下的）雾化尾迹
Smoke trailed from the chimney. 烟雾从烟囱里袅袅飘出。
trail a wild animal /criminal 追踪野兽/罪犯
roses trailing over the walls 蔓过围墙的蔷薇（藤）
Trail arms !（军令）正立持枪！
35. trailer
n.（运输用）拖车；（用汽车拖着的旅行用的）活动房屋；（电影、电视的）预告片
36. train
v.教导，培训，锻炼；使对准，瞄准 n.列车，火车；列，队列；（一）连串，（一）系列；长袍（或长裙）拖地的部分，裙裾；随之而来的情况
trainer n.（特指运动选手、塞马、马戏团动物等的）训练员,教练，教练员；驯兽员，教练机
trainbeares n.（仪式等中）拉衣裙者
trainee n.实习生；新兵
a train of camels 一队骆驼
What an unlucky train of events! 这一连串的事真不幸！
in train 准备就绪
37. training
n.训练
training college 职业学院；（旧时的）师范学院
training ship 教练舰
go into training 投入训练
38. trait
n.特征，特性；少许，微量
national traits 国民性
culture traits 文化特性
a trait of humor 一点幽默
39. retreat
v.（特指军队）后退，撤退；凹陷 n.后退，撤退；撤退信号；休养所；藏身处，避难处，隐退处 *re(=back)
retreat from the front 从前线撤退
retreating forehead 凹陷的额头
beat a retreat 撤退
The army was in full retreat. 军队全都撤退了。
quiet country retreat 安静的乡村休养所
mountain retreat 山庄
summer retreat 避暑地
40. treatment
n.待遇，对待；处理（方法），处置；治疗（法）
treatment of political prisoners 政治犯的待遇
new treatment for cancer 新的癌症治疗方法
She is still under treatment in hospital . 她还在医院接受治疗。
41. treaty
n.条约，协定；约定，协商
peace / commercial treaty 和平/通商条约
nuclear non-proliferation treaty 防止核扩散条约
42. treatise
n.（学术）论文，专著
treatise on racial prejudice 有关种族偏见的论文
Two Treatises on the Civil Government （洛克的）《政府论（两篇）》）
前缀：micro- 微
microscope 显微镜
microbiology 微生物学
microsystem 微型系统
microelement 微量元素
microworld 微观世界
microskirt 超短裙，露股裙
microwave 微波
microbus 微型公共汽车
microprint 缩微印刷品
microcomputer 微型电脑
后缀：-ary ①[形容词后缀]
表示有...性质的，属于...的，关于...的
secondary 第二的
honorary 荣誉的
questionary 询问的
unitary 单元的
elementary 基本的
planetary 行星的
limitary 限制的
imaginary 想象中的
expansionary 扩张性的
customary 习惯的
disciplinary 纪律的
revolutionary 革命的
parliamentary 议会的
revisionary 修订的
monentary 片刻的
exemplary 模范的
词根词缀：a-, ab-, abs-
【来源及含义】Latin: prefix; from, away, away from
【相关描述】This prefix is normally used with elements of Latin and French origins (abs- usually joins elements beginning with c, q, or t).
The form ab- is regularly used before all vowels and h; and it becomes a- before the consonants m, p, and v. The prefix apo- has similar meanings.
This list is a very small sample of the multitudes of a-, ab-, abs- prefixes that are available in dictionaries and those in this unit are only meant to present a few examples.
【同源单词】abampere, abampere centimeter squared, abampere per square centimeter, abarticular, abarticulation, abbreviate
词根词缀：a-, an-
【来源及含义】Greek: prefix; no, absence of, without, lack of; not
【相关描述】These prefixes are normally used with elements of Greek origin, a- is used before consonants and an- is used before vowels.
It affects the meanings of hundreds of words.
There are too many words that use these prefix elements to list all of them on this site; however, there are significant examples listed in this and the other units where they exist.
【同源单词】abacterial, abaptism, abarognosis, abasia, abiocoen, abiogenesis
词根词缀：-ac
【来源及含义】Greek > Latin: suffix; from French -aque, or directly from Latin -acus, from Greek -akos forming adjectives. This suffix was used to form names of arts and sciences in Greek and it is now generally used to form new names of sciences in English; meanings, "related to, of the nature of, pertaining to, referring to"
【相关描述】The suffix -ic has related elements.
【同源单词】ambrosiac, ammoniac, amnesiac, anaphrodisiac, anthomaniac, antidemoniac
词根词缀：aeolo-, aeol-
【来源及含义】Latin: air, wind; rapid, quick
【相关描述】The combining form aeolo- is used to denote musical-wind instruments; however, it also refers to "air" or "wind". This element comes from Aeolus; "the god of winds" in Greek and Latin mythology, with the literal Greek meaning of "rapid, quick".
【相关词根词缀】 Cross references of word groups that are related, directly or indirectly, to: "air, wind": aello-; aero-; anemo-; atmo-; austro-; flat-, flatu-; phys-; pneo-, -pnea; pneumato-; turb-; vent-; zephyro-.
【同源单词】aeolation, aeolian deposit, aeolian
词根词缀：alg-
【来源及含义】Latin: seaweed
【相关描述】Don't confuse this Latin element with the Greek element alg-, algo- which means "pain".
【同源单词】aerohygrocola, alga, algicide, algin, alginate, alginic acid
词根词缀：algo-, alg-
【来源及含义】Greek: pain
【相关描述】Don't confuse these Greek algo-, alg- words with other words that come from the Latin element, alg-, which means "sea weed".
【相关词根词缀】 Cross references related to "pain, hurt; suffering, injury" word families: -agra; algesi-; angina-; dolor-; Masochism; noci-; odyno-; poen-; pono- (toil, work; pain); Sadism.
【同源单词】algesidystrophy, algiovascular, algodystrophy, algogenesia, algogenesis, algogenic
词根词缀：alumino-, alumin-
【来源及含义】Latin: aluminum [U.S.] and aluminium, [British]
【相关描述】This term was coined in 1812 by its discoverer, the British chemist Sir Humphry Davy, as an alteration of the earlier [1808] New Latin alumium, that was also coined by Sir Davy from alumina, a mineral occurring in nature as corundum plus -ium, a suffix meaning, in this case, "metal").
The variant form aluminium, which is preferred in British usage, also appeared in 1812 as a deliberate alteration of aluminum in order to eliminate confusion because of the partial resemblance to other names of certain elements, such as sodium, potassium, and magnesium, all of which were coined earlier by Sir Davy.
【同源单词】aluminate, alumine, aluminium, Aluminoid, aluminosis, aluminothermy