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novel [novel 词源字典]: novel: English has acquired the word novel in several distinct instalments. First to arrive was the adjective, ‘new’ [15], which came via Old French from Latin novellus, a derivative of novus ‘new’ (to which English new is distantly related). (The Old French derived noun novelte had already reached English as novelty [14].) Next on the scene was a now obsolete noun novel ‘new thing, novelty’ [15], which went back to Latin novella, a noun use of the neuter plural of novellus.

In Italian, novellus became novello, and this was used in storia novella, literally ‘new story’, a term which denoted ‘short story’. English adopted this as a third novel [16], at first referring specifically to Italian short stories of the type written by Boccaccio, but by the mid- 17th century being extended to a longer ‘prose narrative’ (the original Italian novella was reborrowed in the early 20th century for a ‘short novel’).

English is also indebted to Latin novus for nova [19] (etymologically a ‘new star’) and novice [14].
[novel etymology, novel origin, 英语词源]
November: November: [13] The ancient Romans calculated the beginning of their year from March. Hence they named their ninth month novembris or november mēnsis. November and novembris were derivatives of Latin novem ‘nine’.
novice: novice: see novel
bossa nova: 1962, Brazilian style of music, from Portuguese, literally "new tendency."
Casanova (n.): "man of carnal adventures, connoisseur of seduction," 1888, from Giacomo Girolamo Casanova de Seignalt (1725-1798), the infamous debaucher. His name could be Englished as Jacob Jerome Newhouse, which is somewhat less romantic.
de novo: Latin, literally "anew, afresh."
Donovan: from Irish Donndubhan "dark brown."
Hanoverian (adj.): "pertaining to or connected with the former electorate of Hanover in northern Germany, from the German city of Hanover (German Hannover), literally "on the high ridge," from Middle Low German hoch "high" + over, cognate with Old English ofer "flat-topped ridge." The modern royal family of Great Britain is descended from Electoress Sophia of Hannover, grand-daughter of James I of England, whose heirs received the British crown in 1701 (nearer heirs being set aside as Roman Catholics). The first was George I. They were joint rulers of Britain and Hannover until the accession of Victoria (1837) who was excluded from Hannover by Salic Law. Hanover in English also was a euphemism for "Hell."
innovate (v.): 1540s, "introduce as new," from Latin innovatus, past participle of innovare "to renew, restore; to change," from in- "into" (see in- (2)) + novus "new" (see new). Meaning "make changes in something established" is from 1590s. Related: Innovated; innovating.
innovation (n.): mid-15c., "restoration, renewal," from Latin innovationem (nominative innovatio), noun of action from past participle stem of innovare (see innovate).
innovative (adj.): 1806 (with an isolated use from c. 1600), from innovate + -ive. Related: Innovatively; innovativeness.
innovator (n.): 1590s, from Late Latin innovator, agent noun from innovare (see innovate).
nova (n.): 1877, from Latin nova, fem. singular adjective of novus "new" (see new), used with stella "star" (a feminine noun in Latin) to describe a new star not previously known. Classical plural is novae.
novate (v.): "to replace by something new," 1610s, from past participle stem of Latin novare "to make new," from novus "new" (see new).
novation (n.): "replacement of an old obligation by a new one," 1530s, from Latin novationem (nominative novatio) "a making new, renewal," noun of action from past participle stem of novare "make new," from novus "new" (see new).
novel (adj.): "new, strange, unusual," early 15c., but little used before 1600, from Old French novel, nouvel "new, young, fresh, recent; additional; early, soon" (Modern French nouveau, fem. nouvelle), from Latin novellus "new, young, recent," diminutive of novus "new" (see new).
novel (n.): "fictitious narrative," 1560s, from Italian novella "short story," originally "new story," from Latin novella "new things" (source of Middle French novelle, French nouvelle), neuter plural or fem. of novellus (see novel (adj.)). Originally "one of the tales or short stories in a collection" (especially Boccaccio's), later (1630s) "long work of fiction," works which had before that been called romances.
A novel is like a violin bow; the box which gives off the sounds is the soul of the reader. [Stendhal, "Life of Henri Brulard"]
novelist (n.): "writer of novels," 1728, hybrid from novel (n.) + -ist. Influenced by Italian novellista. Earlier in English, it meant "an innovator" (1580s).
novelize (v.): 1640s, "to make new," from novel (adj.) + -ize. From 1828 as "to make into a novel" (from novel (n.)). Related: Novelized; novelizing.
novella: 1902; see novel (n.).
novelty (n.): late 14c., "quality of being new," also "a new manner or fashion, an innovation; something new or unusual," from Old French noveleté "newness, innovation, change; news, new fashion" (Modern French nouveauté), from novel "new" (see novel (adj.)). Meaning "newness" is attested from late 14c.; sense of "useless but amusing object" is attested from 1901 (as in novelty shop, 1973).
November: c. 1200, from Old French novembre and directly from Latin November (also Novembris (mensis)), from novem "nine" (see nine). The ninth month of the Roman calendar, which began in March. For -ber see December. In Old English, it was Blotmonað "month of sacrifice," literally "blood-month," the time when the early Saxons prepared for winter by sacrificing animals, which they then butchered and stored for food.
novena (n.): 1745, from Medieval Latin novena, fem. of Latin novenus "ninefold," from novem "nine" (see nine). Devotions consisting of special prayers or services on nine successive days.
novice (n.): mid-14c., "probationer in a religious order," from Old French novice "beginner" (12c.), from Medieval Latin novicius, noun use of Latin novicius "newly imported, newly arrived, inexperienced" (of slaves), from novus "new" (see new). Meaning "inexperienced person" is attested from early 15c.
novitiate (n.): also noviciate, "state of being a novice," c. 1600, from Middle French noviciat or directly from Medieval Latin novitiatus, from Late Latin novitius "novice," from Latin adjective novicius (see novice).
novocain (n.): also novocaine, 1905, originally a trademark name for procaine (by Lucius & Brüning, Hoechst am Main, Germany), from comb. form of Latin novus "new" (see new) + -caine, abstracted from cocaine. As a local anaesthetic, it began as a substitute for cocaine.
Novus Ordo Seclorum: on the Great Seal of the United States of America, apparently an allusion to line 5 of Virgil's "Eclogue IV," in an 18c. edition: Magnus ab integro seclorum nascitur ordo "The great series of ages begins anew." The seal's designer, Charles Thomson, wrote that the words "signify the beginnings of the New American Era." (see Annuit Coeptis).
renovate (v.): 1520s, back-formation from renovation, or else from Latin renovatus, past participle of renovare "renew, restore" (see renovation). Related: Renovated; renovating.
renovation (n.): c. 1400, renovacyoun "spiritual rebirth," also "rebuilding, reconstruction," from Middle French renovation (13c.), or directly from Latin renovationem (nominative renovatio) "a renewing, renewal; a rest," noun of action from past participle stem of renovare "renew, restore," from re- "again" (see re-) + novare "make new," from novus "new" (see new).
rhinovirus (n.): 1961, from rhino- + virus.
Stakhanovite (n.): 1935, from name of hard-working Soviet coal miner Aleksei Grigorevich Stakhanov (1906-1977), in reference to an efficiency system in which workers increase their piecework production and are rewarded with bonuses and privileges. Soviet authorities publicized his prodigious output as part of a campaign to increase productivity.
supernova (n.): 1934, from super- + nova.
synovial (adj.): 1756, "pertaining to the synovia," albuminous fluid secreted by certain glands, from Modern Latin sinovia (16c.), probably coined by Paracelsus and apparently an invented word. With -al (1).
turnover (n.): also turn-over, 1650s, "action of turning over," from the verbal phrase; see turn (v.) + over (adv.). As a kind of pastry tart, from 1798. Meaning "number of employees leaving a place and being replaced" is recorded from 1955.
Villanova: European culture of the early Iron Age, 1901, named for a hamlet near Bologna where archaeological remains of it were found.
novennial: "Recurring every nine years", Mid 17th century: from late Latin novennis 'nine years old' (from Latin novem 'nine') + -al.
anovulant: "(Chiefly of a drug) preventing ovulation", 1960s: from an-¹ + ovul(ation) + -ant.
novercal: "Of, relating to, or characteristic of a stepmother; stepmotherly. Frequently in extended use: cruel, malicious, hostile (usually derogatory )", Early 17th cent.; earliest use found in Henry Cockeram (fl. 1623–1658), lexicographer. From classical Latin novercālis of or belonging to a stepmother, characteristic of a stepmother from noverca stepmother (probably from an extended form of the base of novus + -cus, suffix forming adjectives) + -ālis.
novocaine: "Another term for procaine", Early 20th century: from Latin novus 'new' + -caine (from cocaine).
phonovision: "A system of television, invented by John Logie Baird but never publicly demonstrated, whereby vision and sound signals could be recorded on discs similar to gramophone records", 1920s; earliest use found in Punch.
novenary: "An aggregate or set of nine", Late 16th cent.; earliest use found in William Harrison (1535–1593), historian and topographer. From classical Latin novēnārius consisting of nine, in post-classical Latin also as noun, set of nine, and (in neuter form novenarium) set of prayers for nine days, novena from novem nine + -ārius.