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adrenaline [adrenaline 词源字典]: adrenaline: [20] The hormone adrenaline is secreted by glands just above the kidneys. From their position these are called the ‘adrenal glands’ [19], a term based on Latin rēnes ‘kidney’, which has also given English renal [17] and (via Old French) the now obsolete reins ‘kidneys’ [14]. The discovery of adrenaline and the coining of its name are both disputed: they may have been the work of Dr Jokichi Takamine or of Dr Norton L. Wilson.
[adrenaline etymology, adrenaline origin, 英语词源]
arena: arena: [17] The original sense of Latin (h)arēna was ‘sand’ (hence the English technical term arenaceous ‘sandy’ [17]). The central, ‘stage’ area of classical amphitheatres, where contests were held, was covered with sand (to soak up the contestants’ blood) and so by metaphorical extension arēna became the term for this central area, and hence for any enclosed place used for contests. The word may ultimately be of Etruscan origin.
grenade: grenade: [16] The original grenades were small spherical explosive-filled cases with a wick on top. In shape, they bore more than a passing resemblance to pomegranates. The Old French term for ‘pomegranate’ was pome grenate, or just grenate for short, and it was this abbreviated form, altered to grenade under the influence of the related Spanish granada, that was applied to the explosive device. Grenadier [17] came from the French derivative grenadier ‘grenadethrower’.
=> grain, grenadier, pomegranate
renaissance: renaissance: see native
serenade: serenade: [17] A serenade is strictly a ‘song sung in the evening’, but in fact historically it has nothing to do with ‘night’ – etymologically it is a ‘serene’ piece of music. The word comes via French sérénade from Italian serenata, a derivative of sereno ‘serene’. The notion of a serenata as a piece of ‘night’ music arose through association with sera ‘evening’ (a relative of French soir ‘evening’, from which English gets soirée [19]). Italian sereno came from Latin serēnus ‘bright, clear’, which also produced English serene [16].
=> serene
adrenal (adj.): "of or near the kidneys," 1866, Modern Latin, from ad- + renalis "of the kidneys," from Latin renes "kidneys." Adrenal gland is from 1875.
adrenaline (n.): also Adrenalin (trademark name), coined 1901 by Japanese chemist Jokichi Takamine (1853-1922), who discovered it, from Modern Latin adrenal (see adrenal) + chemical suffix -ine (2). Adrenaline rush was in use c. 1970.
arena (n.): 1620s, "place of combat," from Latin harena "place of combat," originally "sand, sandy place," perhaps from Etruscan. The central stages of Roman amphitheaters were strewn with sand to soak up the blood.
forename (n.): 1530s, from fore- + name (n.). The equivalent of Latin praenomen. Old English had forenama. Middle English had fore-named in the sense "mentioned before" (c. 1200).
Grenada: West Indies island, discovered by Columbus Aug, 15, 1498, and named by him Concepción, the place later was renamed for the old Spanish kingdom or city of Granada. Related: Grenadian.
grenade (n.): "small explosive shell," thrown rather than discharged from a cannon, 1590s, earlier "pomegranate" (1520s), from Middle French grenade "pomegranate" (16c.), earlier grenate (12c.), from Old French pomegrenate (see pomegranate). Form influenced by Spanish granada. So called because the many-seeded fruit suggested the powder-filled, fragmenting bomb, or from similarities of shape. See pomegranate. Much used late 17c., they went out of use 18c. but were revived 20c.
grenadier (n.): 1670s, originally a word for soldiers "who were dexterous in flinging hand-granados" [Evelyn], from French grenadier (15c.), from Middle French grenade "grenade" (see grenade); later "the tallest and finest men in the regiment" [OED]. Grenades went out of use in 18c., but the name was retained by certain companies of regiments.
grenadine (n.): "syrup made from pomegranates," 1896, from French sirop de grenadin from Middle French grenade "pomegranate" (see pomegranate). The type of thin silk fabric, so called from 1851, probably is from Grenada.
hand-grenade (n.): "bomb thrown by hand," 1660s, from hand (n.) + grenade.
prenatal (adj.): 1826, formed in English from pre- + natal.
Renaissance (n.): "great period of revival of classical-based art and learning in Europe that began in the fourteenth century," 1840, from French renaissance des lettres, from Old French renaissance, literally "rebirth," usually in a spiritual sense, from renastre "grow anew" (of plants), "be reborn" (Modern French renaître), from Vulgar Latin *renascere, from Latin renasci "be born again, rise again, reappear, be renewed," from re- "again" (see re-) + nasci "be born" (Old Latin gnasci; see genus).

An earlier term for it was revival of learning (1785). In general usage, with a lower-case r-, "a revival" of anything that has long been in decay or disuse (especially of learning, literature, art), it is attested from 1872. Renaissance man is first recorded 1906.
renal (adj.): 1650s, from French rénal and directly from Late Latin renalis "of or belonging to kidneys," from Latin ren (plural renes) "kidneys."
renascence (n.): "rebirth; state of being reborn," 1727, from renascent + -ence. As a native alternative to The Renaissance, first used in 1869 by Matthew Arnold. Related: Renascency (1660s).
renascent (adj.): 1727, from Latin renascentem (nominative renascens), present participle of renasci "be born again" (see renaissance).
Serena: fem. proper name, from Latin serena, fem. of serenus "clear, bright, fair, joyous" (see serene).
serenade (n.): 1640s, "musical performance at night in open air" (especially one given by a lover under the window of his lady), from French sérénade (16c.), from Italian serenata "an evening song," literally "calm sky," from sereno "the open air," noun use of sereno "clear, calm," from Latin serenus "peaceful, calm, serene." Sense influenced by Italian sera "evening," from Latin sera, fem. of serus "late." Meaning "piece of music suitable for a serenade" is attested from 1728.
serenade (v.): 1660s, from serenade (n.). Related: Serenaded; serenading.
gangrenate: "To make gangrenous", Mid 16th cent.; earliest use found in John Fisher (c1469–1535), bishop of Rochester, cardinal, and martyr. From gangrene + -ate.
arenaceous: "Consisting of sand or sand-like particles", Mid 17th century: from Latin arenaceus, from arena, harena 'sand'.
adrenalectomy: "Surgical excision of one or both adrenal glands; an instance of this. In later use also: suppression or abolition of the synthesis of adrenal hormone by means of drugs", Early 20th cent. From adrenal + -ectomy.
crenate: "(Especially of a leaf or shell) having a round-toothed or scalloped edge", Late 18th century (earlier as crenated): from modern Latin crenatus, from popular Latin crena 'notch'.
adrenalectomize: "To perform adrenalectomy on", Early 20th cent.; earliest use found in Archives of Internal Medicine. From adrenalectomy + -ize.